University of Groningen
American History: Essays: European Conquest & Commerce in Africa
Essay outlines European conquest beginning with the Portuguese settlement at Cape Verde and traces the development of commerce leading to the slave trade in regions of Africa and the New World.
![Digital History: The Slave Trade [Pdf] Website](https://d15y2dacu3jp90.cloudfront.net/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/FPO-knovation.png "Digital History: The Slave Trade [Pdf] Website")
Digital History
Digital History: The Slave Trade [Pdf]
Read Olaudah Equiano's account of being captured in his village in Africa, and placed on a slave ship to be taken to America. He describes the middle passage of the triangular trade route, as well as the leg from Europe to Africa. [pdf]
Library of Congress
Loc: African Immigration: Africans in America: Life in a Slave Society
An excellent overview of the African American experience in America beginning with West Africa during the slave trade, through emancipation and reconstruction, to "New beginnings."
BBC
Bbc: The Story of Africa: The Missionaries
This article talks about the presence of European missionaries in 19th century Africa. It mentions the efforts of David Livingstone to try to suppress the slave trade. It offers examples of the humanitarian work done by other...
Digital History
Digital History: Enslavement
A very good description of how Africans were enslaved in Africa for sale to the Europeans. See how the introduction of European weapons changed the dynamic in West Africa.
The History Cat
The History Cat: Age of Exploration: The Columbian Exchange
A fascinating look at the exchanges that took place around the world after the Americas were discovered. This covered the gamut from diseases which wiped out 90% of the native peoples in North and South America, to farm animals, tools,...
Siteseen
Siteseen: Land of the Brave: Triangular Trade
Article on triangular trade in Colonial America explores routes (England to Africa to the Americas and back to England), the exchange of goods, and Slave Trade. A chart shows the goods traded by the Thirteen Colonies.
Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of Natural History: African Voices
This site is the web presence of "African Voices," a permanent exhibition at the National Museum of Natural History. It explores the "diversity, dynamism, and global influence of Africa's peoples and cultures." Includes art, texts, and...
Open Door Team
Open Door Web Site: France in Western Africa
A brief explanation of French imperialist desires and holdings in Western Africa.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: African Americans in the British New World: The Middle Passage
A description of the Middle Passage, the leg of the triangular trade that brought slaves from Africa to America. Read descriptions of the way slaves were transported in the ships across the ocean.
Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of Natural History: African Voices: History
Trace Africa's history from the earliest humans to modern times using this thematic timeline. Learn about African trade, religion, empires, and technology. Vibrant pictures are included for each time period showcasing the African culture.
Travel Document Systems
Tds: Guinea Bissau: History
Read about the history of Guinea-Bissau as part of the Portuguese colonial empire. Follow its fits and starts in developing a democratic government after is independence. Information is from the U.S. State Dept. Background Notes.
Curated OER
Educational Technology Clearinghouse: Maps Etc: Pre Colonial Africa, 1858
Map of Africa in 1858, prior to the extensive European colonization of the continent established at the Berlin Conference of 1885. This map shows the European possessions of the Cape Colony, Natal, and Orange River Free State, and the...
Countries and Their Cultures
Countries and Their Cultures: Tuareg
The Tuareg, a seminomadic, Islamic people who speak a Berber language, Tamacheq, live in the contemporary nation-states of Niger, Mali, Algeria, and Libya. They are believed to be descendants of the North African Berbers and to have...
Travel Document Systems
Tds: Chad: History
The history of Chad is rich and began more than 3 million years ago. Read about its early history, but there is emphasis on its recent history since the 1970's civil wars. Information is from the U.S. State Dept. Background Notes.