{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='What Is Reality? Exploring String Theory and the Multiverse' data-url='/boclips/videos/689a05540afbd36b8e260b5f' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/689a05540afbd36b8e260b5f' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWhat Is Reality? Exploring String Theory and the Multiverse\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWhat is reality? What is the standard model trying to tell us? Are we living in the 11 dimensions of string theory?The holy grail of physics is a theory of everything. It may show the origin of all forces coming from one master force,...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWhat is reality? What is the standard model trying to tell us? Are we living in the 11 dimensions of string theory?\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe holy grail of physics is a theory of everything. It may show the origin of all forces coming from one master force, and the origin of all particles coming from one super particle. It would be the ultimate answer to every question that asks why something is the way it is.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWe don’t have a theory of everything, but we do have something that comes close. This is called the standard model of particle physics. This model explains the subatomic makeup of all the atoms, explains chemistry, magnetism, nuclear physics, and many other things. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBut the Standard model does not predict absolutely everything. There are 19 parameters that it does not predict.  These parameters have to be calculated through measurement and put in as constants within the model. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThese are.   \u003cbr/\u003eMasses of six quarks and three of the leptons \u003cbr/\u003eMass of Higgs boson and strength of the Higgs field \u003cbr/\u003eMean lifetime of How 4 of the quarks decay (down, strange, charm, bottom) \u003cbr/\u003eStrength of electromagnetic field, strong and weak forces \u003cbr/\u003eA number describing the strong force interaction between quarks and gluons \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThere is nothing that predicts these. It is just the way our universe happens to be. There may be an underlying theory that shows that these constants could not be anything other than the numbers we see, but that doesn’t seem to be the case. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat would happen if these constants were some other number? Our universe would be anywhere from being slightly different to being completely different. This is the crux of the fine tuning argument, that these constants appear to be such that life in our particular universe can exist.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIf these constants are arbitrary, then it may lend credence to the multiverse theory of reality. In other words, there could be universes where every variation of these numbers has happened.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA version of the most studied theory of everything, and the one that has the greatest number of physicists working on it, predicts such a vast number of multiverses.  This is M-theory which is a theory that unites all the consistent versions of String Theory.  M-theory brought all of the string theories together. It did this by asserting that strings are really one-dimensional slices of a two-dimensional membrane vibrating in 11 dimensional spacetime. Some estimates have shown that the number of multiverses predicted by the theory is 10^500 power. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis theory requires a universe with up to 11 dimensions, because the strings have to be able to vibrate in this number of dimensions in order for the theory to work mathematically. 11 dimensional mathematics is so complex that the theory has been derided by many because it’s mathematics can be manipulated to represent almost any imaginable universe.  But, what if it’s true?  Maybe almost any imaginable universe actually exists.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBut where are the other dimensions?  We only see 3 spatial dimensions, and 1 time dimension. \u003cbr/\u003eString theorists say that these dimensions may be compactified on a very small scale.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eFor example if you go down to the scales that are closer to the scale of a plank length, extra dimensions may be complex shapes, like a Calabi-Yau manifold. This is a mathematical shape that can contain all of the 6 missing dimensions.  The way strings vibrate determines the particles that they represent. In string theory, the strings and their vibrations are affected by the geometry in which those strings are moving. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe issue is that the shape of those extra dimensions is not known, but if it was known, then the mathematics of String theory could tell you exactly what the vibrations would be.  And this would give us a theoretical basis for the free parameters.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eCan we test for these other dimensions?  It turns out we can, using the Large Hadron Collider. \u003cbr/\u003eIf after a collision of particles at extremely high energy, scientists detect less energy than was present in the two particles before the collision, then this would be an indication that the extra energy may have been transferred to these extra dimensions. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBut string theory may still imply that there could be other universes where the shapes of those extra dimensions are different than what we observe.  So why does our universe happen to be the way that it is? There doesn’t seem to be any reason for that.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eAn intriguing testable possibility is that we are part of a large multiverse. Perhaps one of a multitude of membranes of the M-theory.  \u003cbr/\u003e#whatisreality #arvinash\u003cbr/\u003eIt may be that we just happen to find ourselves in that one universe out of innumerable other ones where the shapes of our compactified dimensions happen to be such that life is possible.  There is no other membrane where we would find ourselves.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"4.0 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" 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