{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Explained: the rise and rise of populism in Europe' data-url='/boclips/videos/68792f87efa60ff713f2521a' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/68792f87efa60ff713f2521a' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nExplained: the rise and rise of populism in Europe\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eItaly has become Europe’s fastest-growing hotbed of populism after voters this month turned to Lega and Five Star Movement in massive numbers. The election — set against a backdrop of Italy’s stuttering economy and migration crisis — saw...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eItaly has become Europe’s fastest-growing hotbed of populism after voters this month turned to Lega and Five Star Movement in massive numbers. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe election — set against a backdrop of Italy’s stuttering economy and migration crisis — saw populists pick up 50% of the vote share. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eItaly is at the forefront of an EU-wide trend that has seen a huge swing to anti-establishment parties, closely followed by Greece and the Czech Republic. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eOnly five of the bloc’s 27 countries — experts have excluded Malta — have seen populism fade over the last decade and one of them, the United Kingdom, has arguably had its ‘anti-elite’ sentiment tamed by the Brexit referendum. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe main surges have been in southern and central Europe. But the trend has also hit major European states Germany, France and Spain, as well as Scandinavian countries, most notably Finland and Sweden. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBut Hungary, which goes to the polls next month, is the EU’s populist powerhouse with a 65% vote share for anti-establishment parties. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eDespite the anti-establishment surge across the EU, populists only govern alone in Poland and Hungary. Italy could soon follow suit. Most of those in power are in a coalition with other like-minded parties, such as in Austria, Bulgaria and Greece. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003evia GIPHY \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat is populism? \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePopulists seek to appeal to ordinary people who feel their concerns have been ignored by the \"establishment\" and their parties are often dominated by a charismatic leader. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThere are two broad strands, says Ruth Wodak, an expert on populism from Lancaster University. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThere is right-wing populism, which is prevalent in north and central Europe and attacks the ‘elites’ on nationalist or very conservative issues, and its left-wing cousin, seen more in the south, which focuses on capitalism and globalisation when criticising the so-called establishment. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eHow did Europe plump for populism? \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWodak said the populist wave in Europe began with the 9/11 attacks: the subsequent security crackdown legitimised cutting back on human rights and helped far-right parties tough on issues like law and order. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThen, she added, the financial crisis hit, fuelling populism in southern Europe amid fears over poverty and unemployment. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIt saw the emergence in Greece, for example, of populists from both extremes of the political spectrum: Syriza (left) and Golden Dawn (right). \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“At the same time there was a rise in western and central Europe: Austria, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries,” Wodak said. “Not because they were so struck by the crisis but out of fear they could be struck. So to protect your country, to protect your benefits, to protect your welfare you don’t want migrants and refugees. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Then you have the eastern countries where the refugee movements really triggered enormously the rise of right-wing populist and extreme parties and that’s basically Hungary and Poland where such parties have the majority in governing coalitions. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“They basically legitimised their various policies which now challenge and endanger democracy: freedom of media, freedom of opinion and freedom of the courts, by pointing to Islam and the refugees. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“That’s interesting because Poland doesn’t have any migrants! It has a few Ukrainians but that is not what they complain about.” \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWill populism become the new normal? \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eMuch will depend on how mainstream parties react to having their power diluted, said Philippe Marliere, an expert in European politics from University College London. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eHe said the continent was in a political crisis after the end of a long political cycle that has seen conservative and social democrat parties dominate since World War II. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Mainstream parties have become so unpopular because their policies are being rejected by the people and that’s created a vacuum in which those populist parties can step in,” he told Euronews. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Either they adapt and change or they will disappear,” he added. “It’s a very serious challenge in countries like France, Germany, Spain and Italy.” \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat will be the implication of Europe’s populist switch? \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWodak, the author of a book on populism, said Europe’s swing towards anti-establishment parties has normalised right-wing policies. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Immigration policies have become stricter, even in countries where there are no refugees or migrants,” she said. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Some of the policies that right-wing populists have endorsed have already been taken over and implemented.” \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eShe said outspoken populist leaders — like US President Donald Trump — had also normalised offensive rhetoric. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e“Certain taboos have been broken and now it’s seemingly okay to say certain very discriminatory things, even without a big scandal,” she added. “The levels have lowered of taboos and conventions, normalisation is on its way.” \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eMore populism could also have implications for the future of the EU. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eExperts say there will be more tension between Brussels and the likes of\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=91016143\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Length\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e23:32\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003e9th - Higher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?keywords=pie+chart+activity\u0026amp;page=5\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=358379\"\u003eSocial Studies \u0026amp; 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