{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='How old is the Bible?' data-url='/boclips/videos/6878ffae860c8396ee54da73' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/6878ffae860c8396ee54da73' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nHow old is the Bible?\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eIsraeli researchers now think literacy may have been widespread in ancient times much earlier than previously thought. They have analysed inscriptions found on ancient fragments of pottery found in the Negev desert. The 2,600 year-old...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eIsraeli researchers now think literacy may have been widespread in ancient times much earlier than previously thought.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e They have analysed inscriptions found on ancient fragments of pottery found in the Negev desert.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e The 2,600 year-old pottery is on loan from the Israel Antiquities Authority.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e The fragments were found at the remote fort of Arad in the Negev desert.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e It mean key parts of the Old Testament may have been compiled much earlier than scholars thought.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e  Why is this significant?\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Most scholars agree that the key biblical texts were written in the 6th century BCE (Before Common Era), during the Babylonian exile after the destruction of the First Temple. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e But the existence of multiple writers well before this time suggests literacy was already widespread in the ancient kingdom of Judah – and the Bible may have been authored earlier than previously thought.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Archaelogist Israel Finkelstein from Tel Aviv University explains:\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e “We checked the number of hands (writers) in sixteen Arad inscriptions and discovered that there are six hands and that literacy goes down in the chain of command of the Kingdom of Judah all the way to the deputy quartermaster of the fortress.” \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e “This means that there was some sort of educational system in Judah, it was literate more than one could have thought before, and this reflects, of course, on the bigger questions of the composition of biblical texts.”\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e  What is the pottery like?\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Known as the “Arad ostraca”\u003cbr/\u003e Discovered in the ruins of the Arad fort in 1960s\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Mundane military orders concerning troops and supplies of the garrison\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e  The latest technology\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e This latest study combined Archaelogy, Jewish history and applied mathematics.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Sophisticated imaging tools and software were used to reconstruct the Hebrew letters partially erased over time.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e A computer algorithm was then employed to analyze the writing to detect differences in style, as Arie Shaus, a Tel Aviv University doctoral student, explains:\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e “In our project we’re dealing with texts that are very ancient and have deteriorated. So for example, if you look at one of the letters, you can hardly see the letter itself.”\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e “As a first step, you need to reconstruct this letter and then, only then, the whole game of identifying or analysing different authors begins.”\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e A contemporary high level of literacy would support the idea that some biblical texts had already been authored by 600 BCE. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e The Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest known collection of biblical texts, are believed to date from several centuries later.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=91032276\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Length\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2:10\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003e9th - Higher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=255\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=256\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=257\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=258\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=358379\"\u003eSocial Studies \u0026amp; 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