{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Why Bird Penises Are So Weird' data-url='/boclips/videos/5f871cccf015e06667da41c7' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5f871cccf015e06667da41c7' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWhy Bird Penises Are So Weird\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30358007\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30358007\"\u003eMinuteEarth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eMale birds have the largest genital diversity of any class of animals because their sex chromosomes make it easy to pass male-helping mutations down the line.___________________________________________To learn more, start your googling...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eMale birds have the largest genital diversity of any class of animals because their sex chromosomes make it easy to pass male-helping mutations down the line.\u003cbr/\u003e___________________________________________\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTo learn more, start your googling with these keywords: \u003cbr/\u003eSex chromosome: A chromosome involved in determining the sex of an individual.\u003cbr/\u003eCloaca: A posterior orifice that serves as the only exit for the gastrointestinal, urinary and genital tracts.  \u003cbr/\u003eMutation: An alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.\u003cbr/\u003eSexually-selected Trait: A trait based on a mutation that confers a reproductive advantage.\u003cbr/\u003eBMP4: A protein whose presence halts the growth of bird penises in the egg. \u003cbr/\u003e___________________________________________\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIf you liked this week’s video, you might also like: \u003cbr/\u003eAn article from The Week about some of the strangest penises in the animal \u003ca href='http://theweek.com/articles/474417/12-weirdest-animal-penises-earth-updated' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003ekingdom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e_________________________________________\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eCredits (and Twitter handles):\u003cbr/\u003eScript Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)\u003cbr/\u003eScript Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)\u003cbr/\u003eVideo Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)\u003cbr/\u003eVideo Director: Emily Elert (@eelert)\u003cbr/\u003eVideo Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)\u003cbr/\u003eWith Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Peter Reich \u003cbr/\u003eMusic by: Nathaniel \u003ca href='http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eSchroeder\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e___________________________________________\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eReferences:\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBrennan, P. and Prum, R. (2015). Mechanisms and Evidence of Genital Coevolution: The Roles of Natural Selection,Mate Choice, and Sexual Conflict. 1-21. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. Retrieved \u003ca href='http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/7/7/a017749.abstract' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBrennan, P. (2013). Genital Evolution: Cock-a-Doodle-Don’t. Current Biology. R523-R525. Retrieved \u003ca href='http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982213004430' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBrennan, P., Birkhead, T.,  Zyskowski, K., van der Waagand, J., and Prum, R. (2008). Independent evolutionary reductions of the phallus in basal birds. Journal of Avian Biology, 39: 487-492. Retrieved \u003ca href='http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04610.x/abstract.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBriskie, J. and Montgomerie, R. (1997). Sexual selection and the intromittent organ of birds. Journal of Avian Biology. 28: 73-86. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://www.jstor.org/stable/3677097?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eHerrera, A., Brennan, P., and Cohn, M. (2014). Development of Avian External Genitalia: Interspecific Differences and Sexual Differentiation of the Male and Female Phallus. Sexual Development. 9: 43-52. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011524.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eReinhold, K. (1998). Sex linkage among genes controlling sexually selected traits. Sexual Selection. 44:1-7. Retrieved \u003ca href='https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002650050508.' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003efrom\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eImage Credits:\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eMandarin Ducks - Francis C. \u003ca href='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pair_of_mandarin_ducks.jpg' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eFranklin\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eGorillas - Based on photo by Wikimedia user No \u003ca href='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gorillafamily.JPG' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'\u003eescape\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eLake Duck Penis - Kevin McCracken (Published in Nature 2001)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead 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data-container='.rp-resource-details' data-html='false' data-title='Short, animated videos answering the big and small questions about the world around us.' data-trigger='hover focus'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eMinuteEarth\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-circle-info channel-tooltip-icon' id='channel-tooltip'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2017\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eLanguage\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003eEnglish\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca 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