{"page":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" />\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" />\n<div data-title='What Caused Life&#39;s Major Evolutionary Transitions?' data-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6f096ca853ce6caf31' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5d8cfe6f096ca853ce6caf31' id='bo_player_modal'>\n<div class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'>\n<div class='react-notifications-root'></div>\n<div class='rp-header'>\n<div class='rp-type'>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'></i>\nVideo\n</div>\n<h1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'>\nWhat Caused Life&#39;s Major Evolutionary Transitions?\n</h1>\n<div class='rp-actions'>\n<div class='mr-1'>\n<a class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"><span><span>Get Free Access</span><span class=\"\"> for 10 Days</span><span>!</span></span></a>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-body'>\n<div class='rp-info'>\n<div aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'>&times;</div>\n<i aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<i aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'></i>\n<div class='rp-rating'>\n<span class='resource-pool'>\n<span class='pool-label'>Publisher:</span>\n<span class='pool-name'>\n<span class='text'><a data-publisher-id=\"30359599\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30359599\">Stated Clearly</a></span>\n</span>\n</span>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-description'>\n<span class='short-description'>Join us as we explore the fascinating transition from early cells to multi-celled animals. This transition, as well as several other major evolutionary transitions, dramatically increased the complexity of lifeforms on our planet. If you...</span>\n<span class='full-description hide'>Join us as we explore the fascinating transition from early cells to multi-celled animals. This transition, as well as several other major evolutionary transitions, dramatically increased the complexity of lifeforms on our planet. If you enjoyed the show, please consider supporting us at patreon.com/statedclearly to see the animation on bees, go <a href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J83qyLXAsN4' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>here</a> ------------SOURCES------------ OVERVIEW OF MAJOR TRANSITIONS This animation was based on a paper by Stuart West et al called Major Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality which can be accessed free <a href='http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10112.full.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>here</a> Dr West's paper defines major transitions in a slightly narrower way than earlier workers on the subject. For a broader definition see the book by John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry on the <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Major_Transitions_in_Evolution' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>topic</a> MITOCHONDRIA The paper by Dr Margulis (Sagan) on the origin of mitochondria. Note that in it she presents several ideas cautiously as hypothesis. While some aspects of the paper are now known to be incorrect, she was spot on about the origin of <a href='http://web.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge246/endosymbiotictheory_marguli.pdf' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>mitochondria</a> VIROIDS The free living genes discovered by Dr Diener were made of RNA. Here is a paper on <a href='http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682271903424' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>them</a> Here is an excellent Wikipedia article on them I suggest looking over first. It includes a schematic of the species Diener <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroid' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>found</a> EXPERIMENTS SHOWN IN THIS ANIMATION Phagotrophy by a flagellate selects for colonial prey: A possible origin of <a href='http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006527528063' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>multicellularity</a> Experimental evolution of <a href='http://www.pnas.org/content/109/5/1595' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>multicellularity</a> Auto-/heterotrophic endosymbiosis evolves in a mature stage of ecosystem development in a microcosm composed of an alga, a bacterium and a ciliate [what a catchy <a href='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19162125' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>title!]</a></span>\n</div>\n<div class='action-container flex justify-between'>\n<button aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'>\n<i class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'></i>\n<span id='read_more'>Read More</span>\n</button>\n<div class='rp-report'>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'>\n<h2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'>Resource Details</h2>\n<div class='rp-resource-details clearfix'>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Curator Rating</dt>\n<dd><span class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"4.0 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><i class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></i></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"educator-rating-title\">Educator Rating</dt><dd><div class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=54808&amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"><span class=\"not-yet-rated\">Not yet Rated</span></div></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Grade</dt><dd title=\"Grade\">3rd - 11th</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Subjects</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?keywords=unit+on+persuasive+writing&amp;search_tab_id=1&amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=1216220\">All Subjects</a></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Media Type</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?keywords=unit+on+persuasive+writing&amp;search_tab_id=2&amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543647\">Instructional Videos</a></span></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Source:</dt>\n<dd></dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Date</dt>\n<dd>2016</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<i aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'></i>\n\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n<dt>Audiences</dt><dd><span><a href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079&amp;keywords=unit+on+persuasive+writing&amp;search_tab_id=1\">For Teacher Use</a></span></dd><dd class=\"text-muted\"><i class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"></i>2 more...</dd>\n</dl>\n</div>\n<div class='detail'>\n<dl>\n\n</dl>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'>\n<h2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'>Educator Ratings</h2>\n<div id=\"educator-ratings-root\"></div><div id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"></div><div id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class='rp-resource'>\n<div aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'>\n<i class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'></i>\nShow resource details\n</div>\n<div aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'>\n<div class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'>\n<a class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"<div class=&quot;text-center py-2&quot;><a class=&quot;bold&quot; 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