{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='America and \u0026quot;Crimes Against Humanity\u0026quot; - Sir Geoffrey Nice QC' data-url='/boclips/videos/5cdab056eefe21689947206d' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5cdab056eefe21689947206d' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAmerica and \u0026quot;Crimes Against Humanity\u0026quot; - Sir Geoffrey Nice QC\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356823\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356823\"\u003eGresham College\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWhy has the United States of America always refused the definition of \"crimes against humanity\" suggestion by its fellow Western nations? Sir Geoffrey Nice QC, Gresham Professor of Law, explains the political and legal history behind the...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWhy has the United States of America always refused the definition of \"crimes against humanity\" suggestion by its fellow Western nations? Sir Geoffrey Nice QC, Gresham Professor of Law, explains the political and legal history behind the USA and the international laws relating to \"crimes against humanity\". From Abraham Lincoln in 1860, through the Armenian massacres of 1915, to the aftermath of the Holocaust, Sir Geoffrey puts his finger on the key points of this dark and little-known area of international history. Abraham Lincoln, in his 1860 Electoral Platform, branded the re-opening of the African slave trade as a \"crime against humanity\", but it was not until 1915 that this phrase began to have a specific legal meaning. When Britain, France and Russia made a declaration against the Armenian massacres carried out in Turkey, the USA withheld their involvement. In something of an explanation, the then US Secretary of State, Robert Lansing, referred to what he called the \"more or less justifiable\" right of the Turkish government to deport the Armenians to the extent that they lived \"within the zone of military operations.\" The USA's distance from the rest of the Western community on the question of Crimes Against Humanity continued in the aftermath of World War Two and the revelations of the Holocaust. In the London Conference of 1945 that preceded the Nuremberg trials where crimes against humanity was defined, US prosecutor Justice Jackson made it quite clear that it was no part of the USA's functions to interfere with the internal affairs of another country, even if they were exterminating their citizens. Jackson explained - candidly - that the definition of \"crimes against humanity\" should not allow the Allies to try the Nazis for acts not linked to war, because this could also expose the US to the same pursuit for things it had done in the past. Thus pre-war action against the Jews within Nazi Germany would not have been covered by the law. It was only thanks to the effort of Raphael Lemkin and his pushing on the definition of \"genocide\" that this was able to be considered at the Nuremberg Trials. This is an extract from the lecture 'International Criminal Tribunals: Experiments? Works in progress? Institutions that are here for good, or maybe not?' which was given as a part of Sir Geoffrey Nice's series of free public lectures given as Gresham Professor of Law. 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