{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Fostering a truce between humans and wildlife' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d7c5d8eafeecae20e99f' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d7c5d8eafeecae20e99f' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nFostering a truce between humans and wildlife\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN:              Authorities in Uganda are looking at ways to reduce human conflict with wildlife in the country's biggest national park.               Around 100 mammal species and 600 types of bird live alongside tens of thousands...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN:\u003cbr/\u003e              Authorities in Uganda are looking at ways to reduce human conflict with wildlife in the country's biggest national park. \u003cbr/\u003e              Around 100 mammal species and 600 types of bird live alongside tens of thousands of human inhabitats - and often that means conflict as herdsmen try to protect their cattle. \u003cbr/\u003e              STORYLINE:\u003cbr/\u003e              Hiding amongst the branches of their favourite Candelabra tree, a lioness and her young cubs take cover from the mid morning sun. \u003cbr/\u003e              They've spent the morning playing in the savannah grasslands of the Queen Elizabeth National Park in Uganda.\u003cbr/\u003e              It's not common for lions to climb trees -  the lions here are reportedly one of only two lion populations in the world that exhibit this behaviour - and it's made them famous.\u003cbr/\u003e              Uganda's so called \"tree-climbing\" lions are second only to gorillas as the most sought-after species for tourists to spot.\u003cbr/\u003e              Each individual lion brings in more than $13,500 in revenue for the country, according to a 2006 Wildlife Conservation Society assessment – a figure that has increased as tourism has become Uganda's lead foreign exchange earner. \u003cbr/\u003e              Kings of the jungle as they may be, lions have to share the park's rolling savannah, tropical forests, swamps and lakes with 95 recorded mammal species, 600 bird species and an estimated 40-80-thousand human inhabitants. \u003cbr/\u003e              Queen Elizabeth National park was designated as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO and is the only national park in Uganda that contains human enclaves inside its protected area. There are 11 fishing villages inside the park. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"This park is 1,978 square kilometres in area. And it has.. each of these fishing enclaves has a human population of about ten thousand people on average. And that makes it very, very unique and gives a number of management challenges,\" says the park's Chief Warden, Edward Asalu. \u003cbr/\u003e              Dealing with crop raiding on community land by elephants and cattle attacks by lions, leopards and hyenas is all in a day's work for Asalu. \u003cbr/\u003e              In early April it was widely reported that an entire pride of lions was killed in a suspected poisoning incident, in retaliation for killing a cow belonging to a villager in Hamukungu fishing village, deep inside the park. \u003cbr/\u003e              One month later, a toddler was killed by a leopard near the park's headquarters at Mweya peninsula. \u003cbr/\u003e              Both incidents drew worldwide condemnation.\u003cbr/\u003e              Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), the government body in charge of wildlife and conservation, has a community conservation department in charge of supporting the locals and sensitising them on the importance of wildlife for the local ecology and economy.  \u003cbr/\u003e              Yet the population living in the fishing enclaves is poor and the burden of wildlife conservation placed on them is enormous. \u003cbr/\u003e              Over fishing of Lake George has depleted fish stocks and now authorities are cracking down on it, punishing anyone caught fishing illegally. \u003cbr/\u003e              Traditionally entirely dependent on fishing, villagers have had to turn to cattle-keeping as an alternative livelihood. \u003cbr/\u003e              From the outset of the park's establishment, Hamukungu was the only village allowed to keep livestock, but now many more graze cattle within the park boundaries illegally. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"The livestock in particular have caused a very big conflict with the wildlife. Because the people who own this livestock don't want to take full responsibility of their livestock. And in most cases they leave this livestock to roam around. And as this livestock roam around they come into contact with wildlife, especially carnivores like lions and leopards,\" Asalu says. \u003cbr/\u003e              To ease the pressure, a non-governmental organisation run by a wildlife veterinary doctor with extensive experience in the park has set up a compensation scheme.\u003cbr/\u003e              With the proceeds it gets from its experiential tourism service to tourists – tracking down radio-collared predators for more intimate game viewing - the Uganda Carnivore Programme pays residents who have animals killed by wildlife the full amount of their damages. \u003cbr/\u003e              As part of its wider community-based conservation scheme and supported by Oakland Zoo and Disney Conservation Fund, they were able to provide Hamukungu residents with materials to build safe kraals (enclosures) to protect their cattle. \u003cbr/\u003e              One of these safe kraals in Hamukungu, protected the cattle of single mother of five, Nora Bonabana in a recent lion attack. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"The lion came and climbed the fence pole. The pole bent a bit. When it bent, the lion almost fell down. Then the cows made noise. I got a torch. When it (the lion) saw the torch light it ran away, it went,\"  says Bonabana.\u003cbr/\u003e              Bonabana wants UWA to move the wildlife far away from the villages. \u003cbr/\u003e              Cattle keeper, William Kaizire is a beneficiary of the safe kraal programme. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"It's like the lions don't have anything to eat where they are. And the cow is the easiest prey.\"\u003cbr/\u003e               Kaizire says he has noticed a dramatic drop in Uganda kob numbers, the lions' preferred prey, around the village. \u003cbr/\u003e              The head of the Uganda Carnivore Programme, Dr. Ludwig Siefert, says despite official numbers that show a healthy kob population, poaching and the introduction of invasive plant species have had a severe impact on kob herds. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"You can see that the prey numbers have gone down, the biomass is not enough. That is a complex result of various factors. One is of course illegal activities, there's room for improvement. Then there's also poor, or no fire management. You cannot manage fires without enough fire breaks.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              The park's shape and long boundary with the Democratic Republic of Congo's Virunga park make it difficult to police and Siefert says poached kob is often sold in local markets disguised as goat meat.\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Then there is also climate change, the glaciers are almost gone, the water table is rising. And that means that certain endemic plants are favoured, which could explosively take over grasslands,' he adds. \u003cbr/\u003e              Dense thickets of sickle bush and wild sage are quickly taking over the grassland surrounding Hamukungu, forcing the grazing animals elsewhere and making it harder for the predators to hunt.  \u003cbr/\u003e              Mitigating human-wildlife conflict was one of the critical priorities in the Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities Ministerial Policy statement last year, with a specific focus on community conservation.\u003cbr/\u003e              In the aftermath of the lion poisoning incident, UWA announced it would be recruiting 500 more rangers for wildlife protection. \u003cbr/\u003e              Siefert believes a holistic approach that supports the community and includes it in conservation efforts is the most effective strategy. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Compensation in combination with other activities, like the Uganda Wildlife Authority has a resource sharing agreement, they (the community) get 20 percent of the park entry fees. Of course that is spread out across the entire community, but if someone individually loses, say all the goats or all their sheep, and these are poor people, then of course you need to help those people to recover their losses,\" he says. \u003cbr/\u003e              The Carnivore Programme has helped set up schools, education centres and a tourism centre so the locals can benefit from tourist revenue.   \u003cbr/\u003e              With increasing efforts for community sensitisation and inclusion, Kaizire thinks humans and wildlife in Queen Elizabeth can co-exist for many years to come. \u003cbr/\u003e              Only a few days after the suspected poisoning in Hamukungu, a lioness from the same pride reappeared in the park with seven young cubs, filling the gap left behind by the lions that were killed. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Cows have been here for many years and the park has been here also for many years. But we are still alive and the wild animals are also there,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003e            \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e              Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda - 14  April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              1. Mid of lion cub yawning while lying on Euphorbia tree branch\u003cbr/\u003e              2. Mid of lion cub and lioness on tree\u003cbr/\u003e              3. Close of lioness sleeping\u003cbr/\u003e              4. Wide of lion cub and lioness on tree \u003cbr/\u003e              5. Mid of lioness on tree\u003cbr/\u003e              6. Various of lioness and cubs playing and walking in high grass\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda - 12 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              7. Wide of houses in Hamukungu village\u003cbr/\u003e              8. Wide of woman washing clothes in Hamukungu village\u003cbr/\u003e              9. Wide of Kasenyi gate for Queen Elizabeth National Park\u003cbr/\u003e              10. Mid of sign reading \"Crater Drive, Queen Elizabeth National Park\"\u003cbr/\u003e              11. Various of Edward Asalu, Chief Warden for Queen Elizabeth National Park, working at his office\u003cbr/\u003e              12. SOUNDBITE (English) Edward Asalu, Chief Warden for Queen Elizabeth National Park:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"This park is 1,978 square kilometres in area. And it has.. each of these fishing enclaves has a human population of about ten thousand people on average. And that makes it very, very unique and gives a number of management challenges.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              13. Wide of man in boat on shores of Lake George at Hamukungu village\u003cbr/\u003e              14. Various of children near fishing boats on shore\u003cbr/\u003e              15. Various of locals at fish market at Hamukungu village\u003cbr/\u003e              16. Various of goats grazing unaccompanied in Hamukungu village\u003cbr/\u003e              17. SOUNDBITE (English) Edward Asalu, Chief Warden for Queen Elizabeth National Park:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The livestock in particular have caused a very big conflict with the wildlife. Because the people who own this livestock don't want to take full responsibility of their livestock. And in most cases they leave this livestock to roam around. And as this livestock roam around they come into contact with wildlife, especially carnivores like lions and leopards.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              18. Wide of cow calf in Hamukungu\u003cbr/\u003e              19. Various of Hamukungu resident and cattle keeper Nora Bonabana in front of her safe kraal\u003cbr/\u003e              20. SOUNDBITE (Lusogora) Nora Bonabana, Hamukungu resident and cattle keeper:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The lion came and climbed the fence pole. The pole bent a bit. When it bent, the lion almost fell down. Then the cows made a noise. I got a torch. When it (the lion) saw the torch light it ran away, it went.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              21. Various of Hamukungu resident and cattle keeper William Kaizire walking inside his safe kraal\u003cbr/\u003e              22. SOUNDBITE (Lusogora) William Kaizire, Hamukungu resident and cattle keeper:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"It's like the lions don't have anything to eat where they are. And the cow is the easiest prey.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              23. Various of lone male Uganda kob grazing\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda - 14  April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              24. Various of Head of Uganda Carnivore Programme Dr.Ludwig Siefert listening to radio for signal from radio-collared lions\u003cbr/\u003e              25. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr.Ludwig Siefert, Head of Uganda Carnivore Programme:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"You can see that the prey numbers have gone down, the biomass is not enough. That is a complex result of various factors. One is of course illegal activities, there's room for improvement. Then there's also poor, or no fire management. You cannot manage fires without enough fire breaks. Then there is also climate change, the glaciers are almost gone, the water table is rising. And that means that certain endemic plants are favoured, which could explosively take over grasslands.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              26. Various of Siefert's Senior Assistant and lion tracker, James Kalyewa, sitting on car holding antennae and listening for signal \u003cbr/\u003e              27. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr.Ludwig Siefert, Head of Uganda Carnivore Programme:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Compensation in combination with other activities, like the Wildlife Authority has a resource sharing agreement, they get 20 percent of the park entry fees. Of course that is spread out across the entire community, but if someone individually loses, say all the goats or all their sheep, and these are poor people, then of course you need to help those people to recover their losses.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              28. Various of carcass of buffalo killed and eaten by lions\u003cbr/\u003e              Associated Press  \u003cbr/\u003e              Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda - 12  April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              29. SOUNDBITE (Lusogora) William Kaizire, Hamukungu resident and cattle keeper:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Cows have been here for many years and the park has been here also for many years. But we are still alive and the wild animals are also there.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              30. 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