{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Memoir of secretly baptized Jewish boy under new scrutiny' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d78dd8eafeecae20cdd2' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d78dd8eafeecae20cdd2' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nMemoir of secretly baptized Jewish boy under new scrutiny\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eRESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY              SHOTLIST:              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY              Rome, Italy - 20 April 2018              1. Old document cover reading (Italian) 'forced conversion, Mortara case...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eRESTRICTION SUMMARY: AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              SHOTLIST:\u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Rome, Italy - 20 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              1. Old document cover reading (Italian) 'forced conversion, Mortara case 1858'\u003cbr/\u003e              2. Old documents related to the Edgardo Mortara case stored in the the Roman Jewish Community archive\u003cbr/\u003e              3. Various of handwritten document of Mortara family's petition to the Vatican Secretary of State\u003cbr/\u003e              4. Zoom in Edgardo Mortara's baptisim certificate reading (Italian) Bologna 31 July 1858\u003cbr/\u003e              5. Close of handwritten baptism certificate reading 'Edgardo' in centre\u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Providence, Rhode Island, US - 16 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              6. Professor and author David Kertzer at his desk with black and white photograph of Pope Pius IX on computer screen\u003cbr/\u003e              7. Vittorio Messori's books on Professor Kertzer's desk, Italian and English versions\u003cbr/\u003e              8. SOUNDBITE (English) David Kertzer, Professor of History at Brown University and author of book titled 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara':\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Yeah the many changes that were made from the original in the published version of Edgardo Mortara's memoir were clearly made with certain narrative purposes to craft a narrative that was more in line with what the conservatives in the church would like to present as what had happened in the story. So that, for example, a paragraph is added in which the Inquisitor of Bologna, who is the person who directly ordered the taking of the child, has a heartfelt meeting with the child when the child is now in a religious institution in Rome, and the child Edgardo expresses his great gratitude to the Inquisitor for ordering him taken from his family. But this is not actually in the original text, it's a 300-word paragraph that was added to the text apparently by the people who prepared this translation.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Rome, Italy - 18 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              9. 89-page notebook-sized autobiography by Edgardo Mortara, title reading (Spanish) 'The Mortara Child and Pope Pius' (Spanish text of Edgardo Mortara's memoirs owned by the Historic Archives of St. Peter in Chains)\u003cbr/\u003e              10. Tilt down from book title to photo of Edgardo Mortara, book title (Italian) reading: Vittorio Missori, Me the Jewish boy kidnapped by Pius IX: the unpublished memories of the protagonist of the \"Mortara case\"\u003cbr/\u003e              11. Spanish text and Messori's book\u003cbr/\u003e              12. Tilt down of Spanish text of Mortara's memoirs on page 9\u003cbr/\u003e              13. SOUNDBITE (English) Elena Mortara, great-great niece of Edgardo Mortara:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"He was totally separated, isolated from his family and convinced that Jews were whatever negative could be, and that even his family could be dangerous, that they wanted maybe even to kill him. So, it was part of the brainwashing, the successful brainwashing he had. From a family viewpoint I can tell you that he was able to see his mother again after 1858 when he was kidnapped, only 20 years...he saw his mother again just a few months later, never alone in the presence of priests in the house of the Catechumens and then again only 20 years later, in 1878, and why in 1878? Because Pius IX had died.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              14. Pan left from black and white photo of Pius IX to a photo of Edgardo Mortara, both contained in the Mortara case documents' folder at the Historic Archives of St Peter in Chains\u003cbr/\u003e              15. Tilt up from Messori's book to Mortara's memoirs text\u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Rome, Italy - 20 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              16. SOUNDBITE (English) Father Robert Gahl, Professor of Fundamental Ethics at the University of the Holy Cross in Rome:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"When we look at the lives of saints, we can see moments of heroism but we also see flaws that they struggle to overcome. And this sheds light on this issue of Pius IX because the church has declared him 'blessed'. He's been beatified. But this doesn't mean that the man had no flaws and that he wasn't effected by certain prejudices that were present in his time.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Rome, Italy - 18 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              17. Photograph of Edgardo Mortara's mother Marianna Mortara\u003cbr/\u003e              18. Photograph of Edgardo Mortara and his brothers (Edgardo Mortara is third from the left)  \u003cbr/\u003e              ASSOCIATED PRESS – AP CLIENTS ONLY\u003cbr/\u003e              Rome, Italy - 20 April 2018\u003cbr/\u003e              19. Claudio Procaccia Claudio Procaccia, Director of the Department of Cultural Heritage, Jewish Community of Rome, looking at handwritten documents related to the Mortara case\u003cbr/\u003e              20. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Claudio Procaccia, Director of the Department of Cultural Heritage, Jewish Community of Rome:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The phenomenon in Rome is interesting because we have surely had thousands of cases over the course of 300 years of the ghetto, but what is interesting is that there was a strong collective resistance on the part of the Jewish Community to this phenomenon, and it is surprising, if you think about it, because there were enormous advantages in becoming a Christian, besides the fact of whether you believed or did not believe. If you converted, you were baptised and you could leave the ghetto, have access to the system of corporations, and have more possibility for work and a better quality of life.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              21. Rome's historic Jewish ghetto area\u003cbr/\u003e              22. Jewish symbols on the wall\u003cbr/\u003e              23. Rome's synagogue, The Great Temple\u003cbr/\u003e              STORYLINE:\u003cbr/\u003e              It's an incident that has stained the Vatican for 160 years: a 6-year-old Jewish boy taken from his family by papal police and brought to Rome to be raised Catholic after church authorities learned his housekeeper had secretly had him baptised.\u003cbr/\u003e              Now the case has reared its head again, with new evidence that memoirs the boy wrote as an adult were altered to take the edge off his anti-Semitic views and enhance details favourable to the Catholic Church.\u003cbr/\u003e              The Associated Press has confirmed findings by Brown University historian David Kertzer that Edgardo Mortara's memoirs were changed in ways big and small when they were translated from the original Spanish into Italian and published to great fanfare by Italy's Mondadori house in 2005.\u003cbr/\u003e              AP found the Spanish text in a religious order's archive this week.\u003cbr/\u003e              The alterations do not significantly change the overall thrust of Mortara's oft-stated gratitude to the \"saint\" Pope Pius IX for having saved his soul by removing him from his Jewish family to raise him Catholic.\u003cbr/\u003e              But they do indicate that the tale - already subjected to over a century of revisions to suit various interests - has been recrafted again.\u003cbr/\u003e              The changes, Kertzer told AP, \"were clearly made with certain narrative purposes, to craft a narrative that was more in line with what the conservatives in the church would like to present as what had happened in the story.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              That story began when Inquisition police took 6-year-old Edgardo from his home in Bologna on June 24, 1858.\u003cbr/\u003e              The reason? The Mortaras' 16-year-old Catholic housekeeper had had Edgardo secretly baptised when he fell ill as an infant, fearing for his soul if he died.\u003cbr/\u003e              Mortara survived, and when word reached church authorities that a baptised Catholic was living in a Jewish home, the Inquisition ordered his sequester under laws requiring Catholics be raised as such.\u003cbr/\u003e              Pius took Edgardo under his wing, and the Jewish-born boy eventually became a Catholic priest, taking Pius as his priestly name.\u003cbr/\u003e              He died in 1940 in Belgium.\u003cbr/\u003e              While such sequesters, as they were known, were not unheard of, the kidnapping became an international scandal and contributed to the anti-clerical sentiment sweeping across Europe.\u003cbr/\u003e              In Italy, the cause emboldened the liberalising Risorgimento forces who unified the country and brought about the collapse of the papal states through which the pope had controlled a swath of central Italy.\u003cbr/\u003e              The 2017 publication of the English version of Mortara's memoir - which includes all the alterations contained in the Italian - has cast a new spotlight on the case, just as Steven Spielberg is developing a film based on Kertzer's 1997 book \"The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara,\" and Pius' case for sainthood is pressing ahead.\u003cbr/\u003e              In a recent article in The Atlantic magazine, Kertzer outlined several inconsistencies between the Spanish version of Mortara's memoir and the Italian translation published by leading papal author Vittorio Messori in 2005 and titled, \"Me the Jewish Boy Kidnapped by Pius IX: The unpublished memoirs of the protagonist of the 'Mortara case.'\"\u003cbr/\u003e              Kertzer and Messori have feuded for years about the Mortara affair, evidence of the controversy it still sparks even today, with some in the church defending Pius' actions on the grounds that he had no choice but to raise Mortara Catholic under divine law.\u003cbr/\u003e              The memoir in question, written in Spanish because Mortara was living in Spain at the time, is actually a contemporary, typed-up version of a hand-written one Mortara purportedly penned a century ago.\u003cbr/\u003e              The location of the hand-written text is unknown.\u003cbr/\u003e              AP this week found the typed-up Spanish version in the historic archives of the religious order Mortara joined, alongside his hand-written journals and shelf upon shelf of dusty tomes of centuries-old church documents.\u003cbr/\u003e              Among other things, AP found that anti-Semitic comments contained in the original Spanish had been removed from the Messori translation, including a reference to Mortara having \"always professed an inexpressible horror\" toward Jews.\u003cbr/\u003e              Mortara's great-great niece, Elena Mortara, said in an interview that the change was evidence of an effort to erase the anti-Jewish indoctrination her ancestor received from the Catholic teachers who raised and educated him.\u003cbr/\u003e              \"It was part of the brainwashing, the successful brainwashing, he had,\" she said.\u003cbr/\u003e              During an interview at her home, Mortara spoke of her family's pain, which has been recounted from generation to generation, but also pride over the episode's historical relevance. \u003cbr/\u003e              Elena Mortara, who led a public protest by the family and Italy's Jewish community when St. John Paul II beatified Pius in 2000, dismissed the value of the Spanish version of the memoir as a document.\u003cbr/\u003e              She noted that it was written in the impersonal third person and typed up by someone else, and differs greatly in tone from Mortara's hand-written journals.\u003cbr/\u003e              She vowed to once again mount a protest if the Vatican goes ahead with canonising Pius and urged the current pope to consider changing church law that still says that if an infant at risk of dying is baptised, the sacrament is valid even if it was done against the parents' will.\u003cbr/\u003e              In response to such criticism Father Robert Gahl, Professor of Fundamental Ethics at the University of the Holy Cross in Rome, said even saints have flaws.\u003cbr/\u003e              \"When we look at the lives of saints we can see moments of heroism but we also see flaws that they struggle to overcome. And this sheds light on this issue of Pius IX because the church has declared him a blessed. He's been beatified. But this doesn't mean that the man had no flaws and that he wasn't effected by certain prejudices that were present in his time\" said Father Gahl.\u003cbr/\u003e              Messori, for his part, insisted in a series of emails to AP that he worked from the original Spanish text and that a translator had faithfully translated it.\u003cbr/\u003e              He blamed any changes in the published version on editors at Mondadori, the Italian publishing house.\u003cbr/\u003e              Calls and emails to Mondadori seeking comment were not returned.\u003cbr/\u003e              The issue has greater significance given that the English translation of the memoirs published by Ignatius Press was based on Messori's Italian version, and therefore contains all the same alterations.\u003cbr/\u003e              The editor of Ignatius Press, the Rev. Joseph Fessio, told AP that he would try to obtain a copy of the archived Spanish text and make the necessary changes.\u003cbr/\u003e              But he also said Ignatius had already tried in good faith to obtain the Spanish text from Mondadori.\u003cbr/\u003e              According to emails provided to AP, Mondadori told Ignatius there was no trace left of the Spanish text and to use its Italian.\u003cbr/\u003e              As the AP found, however, the Spanish text is readily available and there is no record in the archive that Mortara ever wrote an Italian version.\u003cbr/\u003e              ===========================================================\u003cbr/\u003e              Clients are reminded: \u003cbr/\u003e              (i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com\u003cbr/\u003e              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literature\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv 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