{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Cuba Attack Victims Have Brain Abnormalities' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d6a7d8eafeecae205534' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d6a7d8eafeecae205534' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nCuba Attack Victims Have Brain Abnormalities\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWashington, D.C. - 1 December 2017               1. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++              \"Doctors who are treating the victims of the unexplained attacks on Americans in...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWashington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              1. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Doctors who are treating the victims of the unexplained attacks on Americans in Cuba have discovered abnormalities in their brain, as they've been searching for answers for how these patients developed all kinds of symptoms ranging from neurological to vision and cognitive problems.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Havana, Cuba - 12 October 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              2. Wide, close-up Havana's Malecon \u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Washington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              3. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The doctors have found changes in the white matter tracks. White matter in the brain acts like highways of information that lets different parts of the brain talk to each other.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Havana, Cuba - 12 October 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              4. Various, workers near the U.S. Embassy\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Washington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              5. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"These are the most specific medical findings, to date, that doctors have been able to come up with showing that whatever harmed the Americans in Cuba, it led to discernible measurable changes in their brain.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Washington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              6. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Investigators still don't know what kind of device or weapon could cause these types of changes in the brain. And outside experts tell the AP that acoustic waves, or sound, has never been shown to change white matter tracks. They also say it's very unusual to see changes in the white matter without also seeing changes to the gray matter, neurons that process information in the brain.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Havana, Cuba - 12 October 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              7. Close-up, sign and windows of Hotel Capri, site of one of the attacks\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Washington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              8. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The U.S. says 24 American government workers in Havana were hit by unexplained attacks in their homes and in some cases hotels. Almost all of the Americans heard some unexplained sound and then later developed symptoms. Some of those symptoms included hearing loss cognitive problems, memory and balance issues and even eyesight problems.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Havana, Cuba - 12 October 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              9. Various views, Hotel Capri\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Washington, D.C. - 1 December 2017 \u003cbr/\u003e              10. SOUNDBITE (English) Josh Lederman, The Associated Press:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The U.S. says it still doesn't know who's doing this but as it learns more about what's happened to these victims, they're learning more about how to treat potential cases in the future.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              New York - 5 December 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              11. Various, Brickman showing white matter on computer monitor\u003cbr/\u003e              12. SOUNDBITE (English)  Adam Brickman, Associate Professor of Neuropsychology, Columbia University: ++SOUNDBITE PARTIALLY OVERLAID++\u003cbr/\u003e              \"With white matter damage there can be all sorts of behavioral or sensory or motor problems because the white matter is what really allows the entire brain to communicate with itself.  Damage to the white matter can cause changes in thinking, it can cause sensory changes in some cases, it can cause changes in movement or speed or thinking abilities in general.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              13. Various, images of brains on computer monitor\u003cbr/\u003e              14. SOUNDBITE (English)  Adam Brickman, Associate Professor of Neuropsychology, Columbia University:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"So, typically when we talk about white matter damage that might be due to sound, we're talking about major explosions or what we call blast injuries.  And so, if someone is in a battlefield for example and there is an explosion near them, the massive soundwaves can indeed disrupt the white matter and change the subtle microstructure of the white matter.  That's been documented.  I am not aware of anyone whose ever shown sort of more focused or subtle sound related damage.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              15. Mid, images of brains on computer monitor\u003cbr/\u003e            \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e              Doctors treating the U.S. Embassy victims of mysterious, invisible attacks in Cuba have discovered brain abnormalities as they search for clues to hearing, vision, balance and memory damage, The Associated Press has learned.\u003cbr/\u003e              Medical testing has revealed the U.S. embassy workers developed changes to the white matter tracts that let different parts of the brain communicate, several U.S. officials said, describing a growing consensus held by university and government physicians researching the attacks. White matter acts like information highways between brain cells.\u003cbr/\u003e              It's the most specific finding to date about physical damage, showing that whatever harmed the Americans, it led to perceptible changes in their brains. \u003cbr/\u003e              The finding is one of several factors fueling growing skepticism about a sonic weapon.\u003cbr/\u003e              Loud, mysterious sounds followed by hearing loss and ear-ringing had led investigators to suspect \"sonic attacks.\" Officials are now carefully avoiding that term. They say it's unclear if sound is to blame. The sounds may have been the by product of something else that caused damage, said three U.S. officials briefed on the investigation. They weren't authorized to discuss it publicly and demanded anonymity.\u003cbr/\u003e              Physicians, FBI investigators and U.S. intelligence agencies have spent months trying to piece together the puzzle in Havana, where the U.S. says 24 government officials and spouses fell ill starting last year in homes and later some hotels. The United States calls them \"specific attacks\" but says it doesn't know who's behind them. A few Canadian Embassy staffers also got sick.\u003cbr/\u003e              Doctors still don't know how victims ended up with the white matter changes, nor how exactly those changes might relate to their symptoms. U.S. officials wouldn't say whether the changes were found in all 24 patients.\u003cbr/\u003e              Acoustic waves are not known to alter the brain's white matter tracts, said Adam Brickman, an Associate Professor of Neuropsychology from Columbia University, unless referencing blast injuries.\u003cbr/\u003e              Cuba has adamantly denied involvement, and calls the Trump administration's claims that U.S. workers were attacked \"deliberate lies.\" The new medical details may help the U.S. counter Havana's complaint that Washington hasn't presented any evidence.\u003cbr/\u003e              The case has plunged the U.S. medical community into uncharted territory. Physicians are treating the symptoms like a new, never-seen-before illness. After extensive testing and trial therapies, they're developing the first protocols to screen cases and identify the best treatments _ even as the FBI investigation struggles to identify a culprit, method and motive.\u003cbr/\u003e              Doctors treating the victims wouldn't speak to the AP, yet their findings are expected to be discussed in an article being submitted to the Journal of the American Medical Association, U.S. officials said. Physicians at the University of Miami and the University of Pennsylvania who have treated the Cuba victims are writing it, with input from the State Department's medical unit and other government doctors.\u003cbr/\u003e              But the article won't speculate about what technology might have harmed the workers or who would have wanted to target Americans in Cuba. If investigators are any closer to solving those questions, their findings won't be made public.\u003cbr/\u003e              The AP first reported in August that U.S. workers reported sounds audible in parts of rooms but inaudible just a few feet away _ unlike normal sound, which disperses in all directions. Doctors have now come up with a term for such incidents: \"Directional acoustic phenomena.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              Most patients have fully recovered, some after rehabilitation and other treatment, officials said. Many are back at work. About one-quarter had symptoms that persisted for long periods or remain to this day.\u003cbr/\u003e              Earlier this year, the U.S. said doctors found patients had suffered concussions, known as mild traumatic brain injury, but were uncertain beyond that what had happened in their brains. 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