{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Traditional brick making helps create Sanaa\u0026#39;s unique look' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d690d8eafeecae2049ce' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d690d8eafeecae2049ce' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTraditional brick making helps create Sanaa\u0026#39;s unique look\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN :               Red dirt, manure and other animal droppings are key to the unique look of Sanaa's traditional red brick buildings.               The Yemeni old city has been a UNESCO World Heritage site for more than thirty years,...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN : \u003cbr/\u003e              Red dirt, manure and other animal droppings are key to the unique look of Sanaa's traditional red brick buildings. \u003cbr/\u003e              The Yemeni old city has been a UNESCO World Heritage site for more than thirty years, but now it is on the 'endangered list' as some buildings have been destroyed by airstrikes during the on-going conflict. \u003cbr/\u003e              STORYLINE: \u003cbr/\u003e              These buildings in the old city of Sanaa have been built the same way for over a thousand years. \u003cbr/\u003e              A densely populated city even in antiquity, builders constructed them upwards of five stories tall to accommodate residents inside the city's defensive walls. Some say they were among the world's first skyscrapers, and allowed the community to grow safe from invaders. \u003cbr/\u003e              They decorated the buildings with white gypsum stone, and used traditional red fired bricks to create intricate facades and mouldings – lending them a whimsical appearance that has earned them the nickname of \"gingerbread\" houses. \u003cbr/\u003e              But the red-earth bricks are the cornerstone of old Sanaa. And manufacturers still produce them the same way using the surprising special ingredient: manure. \u003cbr/\u003e              First, workers knee-deep in mud and animal droppings, mix the ingredients by hand. It's heavy and difficult work. \u003cbr/\u003e              Then, the bricks are shaped and left to dry in the sun, until they are solid enough to move to the traditional wood-fire oven, where they are left for 20 days. \u003cbr/\u003e              Nagi Yahya, a brick factory owner in Sanaa, says that the factory has been working the same way as long as he can remember, and that they produce between 1,500 to 3,000 bricks over a period of twenty days. \u003cbr/\u003e              The traditional buildings are constructed out of stone at their base, until the second and floor, and then builders switch to the red traditional bricks, which are prized for their lightweight strength and flexibility when it comes to design. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"They make from them beautiful borders and necklace-like decorations on the houses,\" says Mohaned al-Seyany, head of the General Authority for Antiquities and Museums in Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              The picturesque old city of Sanaa, surrounded by mountains, rests at an elevation of 2,200 meters, and has been inhabited for more than two millennia. It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. But the country's ongoing war has raised protection of the structures to a serious priority for the organization. \u003cbr/\u003e              According to UNESCO, the houses and public buildings of Sanaa, which have become vulnerable as a result of contemporary social changes, are an outstanding example of a traditional, Islamic human settlement.\u003cbr/\u003e              In 2015, the old city was added to the list of world heritages sites currently in danger, and it's stayed on the list since. \u003cbr/\u003e              Some buildings have already been destroyed after being hit by airstrikes. Sanaa has been targeted repeatedly by the Saudi-led coalition fighting the Houthi rebels, whose government is seated there. \u003cbr/\u003e              The current conflict has killed more than 10,000 people and displaced 3 million. Yemen was the Arab world's poorest country even before the conflict began.\u003cbr/\u003e              There are local initiatives to protect the city's architectural heritage - in 2016 protesters marched in the old city to protest the destruction of old buildings – whether through violation of building codes or war. \u003cbr/\u003e              The Sanaa government has made commitments to protect the old buildings, but enforcement has sometimes been lacking as the conflict has escalated. \u003cbr/\u003e              The bricks themselves are the key ingredient which allowed builders in antiquity to reach new heights in their construction. They can also be reshaped and made pliable, by soaking them in water for 24 hours, which allow the builders to shape them into detailed arabesque facades. \u003cbr/\u003e              Among the most striking are the brick-made minarets which tower over the old city, a testament to the capital's historic importance as an early learning center of Islam.\u003cbr/\u003e            \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e              Sanaa, Yemen - September 12, 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              1. Wide of the old city of Sanaa, showing its traditional \"gingerbread\" style of building. \u003cbr/\u003e              2. Wide of road leading into the old city of Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              3. Mid of traditional building in old Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              4. Close of traditional building in old Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              5. Wide of traffic next to traditional buildings. \u003cbr/\u003e              6. Close of traditional building from the ground looking up. \u003cbr/\u003e              7. Mid of buildings. \u003cbr/\u003e              8. Close of detail on an upper story of a building. \u003cbr/\u003e              9. Mid of man mixing mud for brickmaking. \u003cbr/\u003e              10. Close of man mixing mud with his hands. \u003cbr/\u003e              11. Wide of man standing in mud. \u003cbr/\u003e              12. Close of man mixing mud with his hands. \u003cbr/\u003e              13. Low mid shot of man moving mud with his hands. \u003cbr/\u003e              14. Mid of man preparing the mud to be shaped into bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              15. Close of man shaping the mud into bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              16. Close of man lifting the frame off of newly shaped mud bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              17. Wide of newly shaped mud bricks laid out to dry in the sun. \u003cbr/\u003e              18. Wide of bricks drying. \u003cbr/\u003e              23. Wide of oven where bricks are fired. \u003cbr/\u003e              24. Close of man stacking bricks.\u003cbr/\u003e              25. Mid of man lifting bricks out of the oven area. \u003cbr/\u003e              26. Mid of owner Nagi Yahya, brick factory owner from behind. \u003cbr/\u003e              27. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Nagi Yahya, brick factory owner\u003cbr/\u003e               \"We have been working for a long time, seriously, and the manufacturing starts with red dirt, and then we mix it with manure and droppings, and then we cut it, we are making between 1,500 bricks and several thousand over a period of about half a month, and leave it for a day to dry in the sun, then place it in the firing oven, and then the workers turn it over on the next day. We are making it in a way that is a cycle, that is - we shape them and then move them to dry in the firing oven for 20 days.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              28. Wide from inside the firing oven looking up. \u003cbr/\u003e              29. Close of bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              30. Close of man lifting a stack of bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              31. Wide of oven from above looking down on worker. \u003cbr/\u003e              32. Mid of oven top. \u003cbr/\u003e              33. Mid of worker stacking bricks after they've been fired. \u003cbr/\u003e              34. Mid low shot of workers stacking bricks after they've been fired. \u003cbr/\u003e              35. Mid of Mohaned al-Seyany, head of the General Authority for Antiquities and Museums in Sanaa.\u003cbr/\u003e              36. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mohaned al-Seyany, head of the General Authority for Antiquities and Museums in Sanaa,\u003cbr/\u003e               \"The bricks are well known for their use in building and especially old Sanaa, that the first two stories are built with stone and then the higher stories are built with bricks, for their lightweight quality and their ease to use as decoration however the builder wants. So they make from them beautiful borders and necklace-like decorations on the houses.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              37. Close of bricks laid out to dry. \u003cbr/\u003e              38. Mid of bricks standing upright to dry. \u003cbr/\u003e              39. Close of stacked bricks. \u003cbr/\u003e              40. Mid of stacks of bricks and worker. \u003cbr/\u003e              41. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Mohaned al-Seyany, head of the General Authority for Antiquities and Museums in Sanaa, \u003cbr/\u003e              \"There are two types of bricks here in Sanaa, either the full regular size or the half size, and these half-sized are used in constructing the borders – the builder, before starting, places the brick in water for 24 hours until it gets soft and more pliable, and then the next day he uses it in, after taking it out of the water. And then there is something called the rubbing of the brick, when a builder takes a brick which is red and he rubs it until it becomes lighter.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              42. Close of bricks before they've been put in the oven. \u003cbr/\u003e              44. Close of finished bricks stacked. \u003cbr/\u003e              45. Mid of details on buildings in the old city of Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              46. Wide of buildings in old Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              47. Wide of wall and buildings in old Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              48. Wide of traditional buildings next to a road in old Sanaa. \u003cbr/\u003e              49. Close of brick details on building. \u003cbr/\u003e              50. Mid of mosque minaret build out of brick. \u003cbr/\u003e              51. 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