{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Provence\u0026#39;s iconic lavender fields hit by drought' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d58bd8eafeecae1fc456' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d58bd8eafeecae1fc456' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nProvence\u0026#39;s iconic lavender fields hit by drought\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN:              France's famous lavender fields are suffering, blighted by drought and disease-carrying insects.               Scientists and farmers in Provence are now taking steps to preserve this symbol of their region, which is...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN:\u003cbr/\u003e              France's famous lavender fields are suffering, blighted by drought and disease-carrying insects. \u003cbr/\u003e              Scientists and farmers in Provence are now taking steps to preserve this symbol of their region, which is precious source of income for many.\u003cbr/\u003e              STORYLINE:\u003cbr/\u003e              Lavender as far as the eye can see, its heady scent attracting insects and tourists alike. \u003cbr/\u003e              These vast purple fields have become a symbol of the region of Provence, in southeastern France. \u003cbr/\u003e              Commercially, these crops are sought-after by the perfume and cosmetics industry and they are an important draw for tourists. \u003cbr/\u003e              Two types of lavender are commonly cultivated in France, Lavandula angustifolia and the hybrid lavender plants known as lavandins (lavandula x intermedia).\u003cbr/\u003e              But Provence's lavender is feeling the impact of climate change.\u003cbr/\u003e              Since the early 2000s, local scientists say dry weather has been shortening the lavender's lifespan.\u003cbr/\u003e              The dry conditions also create a favourable environment for leafhoppers, insects that carry a disease that affects the plants. \u003cbr/\u003e              Eric Chaisse is the Technical and Administrative Director of Crieppam, a Provence-based scientific institute dedicated to agricultural research, which is part-funded by the \u003cbr/\u003e              French Agriculture Ministry. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Lavender in Provence is effectively endangered, because in recent years the plant has been subjected to the effects of climate change that brought a lot less rainfall in the spring and mostly in the autumn,\" he says. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"This played a role on the lavender's lifespan. There's also a small cicada (insect), a micro-bacteria transmitting leafhopper. It adapts itself very well to the dryness and it becomes more numerous with very dry weather.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              The problem is immediately obvious in this field at harvest season. \u003cbr/\u003e              The once seamless rows of lavender are now separated by large holes, which are getting bigger as the lavender plants keep shrinking.\u003cbr/\u003e              An even closer look reveals the weakened plants grow fewer flowers than healthier versions.  \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Instead of having very long plant ears with a number of large flowers, we have smaller plant ears. The ear is underdeveloped and is either missing or weakened, so so we have a lot fewer of the noble parts of the plant that are the source of the essential oil,\" says Chaisse. \u003cbr/\u003e              The situation is made worse by a leafhopper insect that carries phytoplasma, a bacterial parasite that attacks the plant tissue. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"The leafhopper is responsible for directly transmitting the phytoplasma disease. This illness sets in on healthy plants, infects them and grows into the plant, in the sap, slowly causing its death,\" Chaisse explains. \u003cbr/\u003e              Plants affected by the condition turn a pale green or yellowish colour and produce smaller leaves with no flowers, says Chaisse. \u003cbr/\u003e              The deterioration of lavender plants started with a series of dry weather spells between 2003 and 2007, he says. \u003cbr/\u003e              The region enjoyed more rainfall from 2012 to 2014, but drought hit the lavender again last year. \u003cbr/\u003e              A lack of rainfall during the autumn of 2016 and this past spring further exacerbated the situation, leading to a higher plant mortality, says Chaisse. \u003cbr/\u003e              Typical of Mediterranean areas, lavender historically plays an important role in the economy of Provence, with almost 26,000 producers directly or indirectly involved in the lavender industry.\u003cbr/\u003e              The region is also internationally renowned for its production of essential oils obtained from the distillation of lavender plants.\u003cbr/\u003e              Jean-Marie Naud is a farmer producing Lavandula angustifolia and lavandin in the village of Eurre, in southeastern France. \u003cbr/\u003e              Naud started cultivating the plant 25 years ago. \u003cbr/\u003e              In order to preserve its purity, he says, he's adopted traditional methods that include harvesting by hand. \u003cbr/\u003e              He says this allows him to produce high quality lavender products such as essential oil and dry lavender sachets for a niche market. \u003cbr/\u003e              The farmer cuts the lavender plants with the help of a well-sharpened sickle. But drought makes traditional methods such as his much harder. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Dryness has an effect on the stems' length and on the harvest. If the stems are short it's much more difficult to create bunches as I do,\" Naud says. \u003cbr/\u003e              Locals like Naud have come up with different solutions, so far unsuccessfully. \u003cbr/\u003e              Remedies include spraying the plants with white clay diluted in water, turning the plants white in an attempt to deter leafhoppers.\u003cbr/\u003e              \"For the moment we haven't been able to find solutions to overcome this problem. We've tried a bit of everything. We've tried to put a mineral screen (on the lavender) in order to whiten the lavender with clay. This is difficult to administer and yields no results,\" Naud explains.  \u003cbr/\u003e              Numbers for this year are not yet available as the harvest will continue in August, but the production of lavender in 2017 is expected to drop well below the 85 tons of 2016, Chaisse says. \u003cbr/\u003e              As part of its mission, the Crieppam institute is devoted to preserving local lavender by devising solutions to counter the effects of climate change and plant disease. \u003cbr/\u003e              That includes extending water distribution in areas that need it most, such as the Plateau of Valensole, famous for its picture-perfect lavender fields. \u003cbr/\u003e              Other experimental methods are also on the table, Chaisse explains. \u003cbr/\u003e              \"In a more limited way the contribution of us researchers is to find varieties of plants that are more resistant to dryness. An additional solution is to try to save the maximum amount of water that falls in the winter in order to protect it while it's underground and avoid it evaporating from the soil,\" Chaisse says.  \u003cbr/\u003e              Essential oil is obtained from lavender from a process of distillation. \u003cbr/\u003e              Soon after being harvested, lavender is brought to distilleries like the Duffez factory in Montsegur-sur-Lauzon.\u003cbr/\u003e              Steam is pumped through the harvested lavender, becoming infused with the plant oil. The scented vapour is then condensed into a liquid.\u003cbr/\u003e              Lavender oil is lighter than water, so it floats to the surface and is easily separated.\u003cbr/\u003e              At the end of the process, these little bottles make popular souvenirs from a trip to the lavender fields. \u003cbr/\u003e              But if the dry weather continues, products like these could start to get much rarer.\u003cbr/\u003e            \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e              Montsegur-sur-Lauzon - 3 July 2017  \u003cbr/\u003e              1. Wide of lavender field \u003cbr/\u003e              2. Close of lavender flowers\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Plateau de Valensole -10 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              3. Various of Chinese tourists taking pictures in lavender field\u003cbr/\u003e              4. Wide of lavender \u003cbr/\u003e              5. Set up of Technical and Administrative Director at Crieppam, Eric Chaisse, walking in field\u003cbr/\u003e              6. Close up of bee on lavender flowers \u003cbr/\u003e              7. SOUNDBITE (French) Eric Chaisse, Technical and Administrative Director at Crieppam: \u003cbr/\u003e              \"Lavender in Provence is effectively endangered, because in recent years the plant has been subjected to the effects of climate change that brought a lot less rainfall in the spring and mostly in the autumn. This played a role on the lavender's lifespan. There's also a small cicada (insect), a micro-bacteria transmitting leafhopper. It adapts itself very well to the dryness and it becomes more numerous with very dry weather.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              8. Lavender plants affected by drought\u003cbr/\u003e              9. Pan left from wide of lavender plants to plant affected by drought\u003cbr/\u003e              10. Lavender plants affected by drought\u003cbr/\u003e              11. SOUNDBITE (French) Eric Chaisse, Technical and Administrative Director at Crieppam (holding a hybrid lavender plant known as lavandins)\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Instead of having very long plant ears with a number of large flowers, we have smaller plant ears. The ear is underdeveloped and is either missing or weakened, so so we have a lot fewer of the parts of the plant that are the source of the essential oil.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              12. Various of lavender plants affected by presence of leafhopper insect \u003cbr/\u003e              13. Chaisse kneeling in front of lavender plants affected by leafhopper\u003cbr/\u003e              14. Close of Chaisse's hands on lavender affected by leafhopper\u003cbr/\u003e              15. SOUNDBITE (French) Eric Chaisse, Technical and Administrative Director at Crieppam\u003cbr/\u003e              \"The leafhopper is responsible for directly transmitting the phytoplasma (bacterial) disease. This illness sets in on healthy plants, infects them and grows into the plant, in the sap, slowly causing its death.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Eurre - 26 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              16. Various of farmer Jean-Marie Naud harvesting his lavender by hand\u003cbr/\u003e              17. SOUNDBITE (French) Jean-Marie Naud, Farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"During dry periods there's always a worsening (of the lavender's conditions); this happens year after year. For the moment we haven't been able to find solutions to overcome this problem. We've tried a bit of everything. We've tried to put a mineral screen (on the lavender) in order to whiten the lavender with clay. This is difficult to administer and yields no results.\" \u003cbr/\u003e              18. Wide pull focus from Naud harvesting lavender to flowers in foreground \u003cbr/\u003e              19. Various of Naud laying harvested lavender on sheet in front of his home\u003cbr/\u003e              20. SOUNDBITE (French) Jean-Marie Naud, Farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"Dryness has an effect on the stems' length and on the harvest. If the stems are short it's much more difficult to create bunches as I do.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Plateau de Valensole - 10 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              21. Pan left of lavender field affected by drought\u003cbr/\u003e              22. SOUNDBITE (French) Eric Chaisse, Technical and Administrative Director at Crieppam:\u003cbr/\u003e              \"There are plans, especially in the Plateau de Valensole, to extend the area of water distribution at crucial moments to supply enough water when plants are most in need of it. This is vital to help the export of lavender as well as for the plateau. In a more limited way the contribution of us researchers is to find varieties of plants that are more resistant to drought. An additional solution is to try to save the maximum amount of water that falls in the winter in order to protect it while it's underground and avoid it evaporating from the soil.\"\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Montsegur-sur-Lauzon - 3 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              23. Tractor harvesting lavender \u003cbr/\u003e              24. Go Pro shot of tractor harvesting lavender filmed from tractor\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              La Baume-Cornialle - 13 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              25. Wide of lavender field and tractor\u003cbr/\u003e              26. Tractor harvesting lavender\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Montsegur-sur-Lauzon - 3 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              27. Wide of lavender field\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              La Baume-Cornialle - 13 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              28. Various of farmers loading harvested lavender onto container\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Montsegur-sur-Lauzon - 3 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              29. Exterior of Duffez Distillery\u003cbr/\u003e              30. Duffez employees inside distillery\u003cbr/\u003e              31. Truck unloading harvested lavender at Duffez Distillery\u003cbr/\u003e              32. Container in which steam is pumped through the lavender, becoming infused with essential oil\u003cbr/\u003e              33. Various of condenser machine, in which the steam loaded with lavender essential oil is cooled and liquefied\u003cbr/\u003e              34. Various of lavender essential oil trickling out of condenser machine \u003cbr/\u003e              35. Wide of tanks containing water and lavender essential oil \u003cbr/\u003e              36. Close of lavender essential oil being poured \u003cbr/\u003e              37. Duffez Distillery employee pouring lavender essential oil\u003cbr/\u003e              \u003cbr/\u003e              Eurre - 26 July 2017\u003cbr/\u003e              38. Wide of lavender essential oil bottles and lavender sachets produced by farmer Jean-Marie Naud\u003cbr/\u003e              39. Pan right of Naud's lavender essential oil bottles\u003cbr/\u003e              40. 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data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: Provence\u0026#39;s iconic lavender fields hit by drought\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"Provence\u0026#39;s iconic lavender fields hit by drought\" title=\"Provence\u0026#39;s iconic lavender fields hit by drought\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}