{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Biofuel and solar energy on the rise' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d47ad8eafeecae1f2ec7' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d47ad8eafeecae1f2ec7' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nBiofuel and solar energy on the rise\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN:Both the Egyptian government and private companies are looking to increase the production of green energy.But there are still obstacles in making the leap from fossil fuels and natural gas to renewable sources.STORYLINE:The cows...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN:Both the Egyptian government and private companies are looking to increase the production of green energy.But there are still obstacles in making the leap from fossil fuels and natural gas to renewable sources.STORYLINE:The cows on Oyoun al-Jannah (Paradise Wells) farm in Fayyoum, Egypt are valuable for many reasons - not least because they are used to generate energy for the houses on the property.Egypt's ministry of environment, in co-operation with the United Nations Development Programme, established several units for the production of biogas from animal waste as part of a pilot project launched in 2012.  According to Ahmed Medhat, Executive Director of the Authority for Biomass Energy and Sustainable Rural Development, the energy units are based on a simulation of a natural process that takes place inside the animal's body. A biogas unit consists of an underground chamber where animal waste, diluted in water, is stored in isolation from air. In this environment, micro-organisms can decompose the waste and produce gas. Through pipelines, this gas is channelled to houses where it is used produce energy. The decomposed waste is then used as pesticides. So far, Egypt's government has installed 1300 similar biomass stations in 18 provinces nationwide hoping to contribute to reducing the reliance on gas cylinders. The government is working on the expansion of this project to reduce gas imports, says Medhat. \"Egyptians consume one million gas cylinders a day, which means 360 million cylinders a year. The biomass energy generated from animal waste alone can reduce our gas cylinder imports by 20 percent.\"Medhat says the government is currently drafting guidelines to enact feed-in-tariff schemes as an incentive for the private sector to invest in producing electricity. The biogas units in Oyoun al-Jannah farm provide for eleven households and secure pesticides for nearly 23 acres of agricultural land. Nora Goma'a's household is one of the beneficiaries of these biogas units. \"We use the biogas to cook and heat water. It spares us the purchase of two gas cylinders a month, which would cost 40 pounds (two US dollars),\" she says.According to a report released by the Centre for Environment \u0026amp; Development for The Arab Region \u0026amp; Europe in November 2014, nearly 90 per cent of Egypt's total energy needs come from conventional sources of energy, namely fossil fuels and natural gas.In 2008, the government endorsed a plan for an energy mix that sought to satisfy 20 percent of the country's electricity from renewable energy. \"According to Egypt's strategy for sustainable development for the year 2030, new and renewable energy is one of the pillars that we will rely on for sustainable development,\" explains Medhat. Egypt also intends to remove subsidies on electricity by the financial year 2018-2019 and cut energy subsidies by up to 0.5 percent, as a percentage of GDP. It is hoped the plan will be achieved by increasing energy efficiency and ensuring a transition to renewable and unconventional sources of energy.However, private endeavours that promote green energy still face many hurdles. Ahmed Raafat is a 25-year-old mechanical engineer by training. As he was graduating from Cairo University in 2013, Egypt was struggling with frequent power outages due to shortage in fuel supplies. Along with a few classmates, he launched a private company to produce biodiesel from cooking oil.  The fresh graduates were hoping their project could contribute to reducing Egypt's reliance on fuel imports. Yet, the existing legal framework did not make their dream come true. \"When we first started, we wanted our product to contribute to easing the energy crisis in Egypt,\" says Raafat, co-founder of Tagaddod company. \"Thank God now there is no energy crisis. However, we realised that there is no law that allows us to sell our product in Egypt so we had to export the product.\" Raafat's company exports its biodiesel to Europe. For decades, Egypt has been subsidising fossil fuel but given the current economic crisis and the conditions set by the International Monetary Fund, Egypt is expected to roll back all fuel subsidies by 2018. Last November, the government introduced partial cuts to fuel subsidies, which constituted nearly 20 percent of the government expenses. With the devaluation of the local currency and the government's plan to lift all subsidies, energy prices are expected to skyrocket, especially because Egypt is a net importer of oil and gas. Hence, an urgent need to invest in renewables and unconventional sources of energy. While Egypt still lacks a legal framework for private investments in biofuel, the government approved feed-in-tariffs schemes for renewable energy in 2014, endorsing a plan targeting 4.3 gigawatts of wind and solar projects that should be installed by 2017.The announcement had attracted many local and foreign investors who rushed to present their bids. Karm Solar, a Cairo company established in 2011, was among the bidders. It has already installed one of those stations near Hurghada along the Red Sea coast in April 2017. However Karm solar CEO, Ahmed Zahran is cautiously optimistic about the future of solar energy in Egypt. \"Egypt has an edge because it is on the solar belt so the productivity of solar energy stations is one of the highest in the world,\" says Zahran. \"However, what is really needed is an investment in the development of solar technology because we should not just be consumers of solar energy. If you look at Gulf countries, they are rich in oil but they are incapable of producing oil on their own. They lack the oil technology. If Egypt adopts the same approach, our fate will be doomed.\"Karm Solar is considered one of the largest off-grid solar energy companies. The company also seeks to develop local solar research and development. Last year, the company registered one patent with its solar pumping stations in the Bahareya Oasis in the Western desert.While Egypt's 2014 plan was hoping to install tens of solar and wind stations, disputes with investors dashed government's hopes. Currency risks along with the government's insistence on domestic arbitration prompted many foreign investors to withdraw their bids at the last minute.Fayyoum - 10 May 20171. Wide of livestock2. Close of Cows3. Various of worker moving animal waste to the fermentation room on a farmCairo - 11 May 20174. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Medhat, Executive Director of the nascent Authority for Biomass Energy and Sustainable Rural Development: \"We import nearly 50 percent of the gas cylinders we need. Egyptians consume one million gas cylinders a day, which means 360 million cylinders a year. The biomass energy generated from animal waste alone can reduce our gas cylinder imports by 20 percent.\"Fayyoum - 10 May 20175. Wide of the biomass energy station6. Mid of gas cylinder7. Pipeline carrying biogas to houses 8. Various of Medhat speaking to workerSOUNDBITE (Arabic) Nora Goma'a, 27, a resident of the same farm where biomass energy is produced: \"I have been here with my husband and four children for three months. We use the biogas to cook and heat water. It spares us the purchase of two gas cylinders a month, which would cost 40 pounds.\"9. Exterior of houses on farm10. Goma'a turning on stove11. Pan on stove12. Various of Goma'a and children13. Tilt to the stove showing gas pipeline coming from the ceilingCairo - 11 May 201714. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Medhat, Executive Director of the nascent Authority for Biomass Energy and Sustainable Rural Development: \"Any country should not rely on one source of energy in its future plans. This is called the energy mix. According to Egypt's strategy for sustainable development for the year 2030, new and renewable energy is one of the pillars that we will rely on for sustainable development.\"Cairo - 4 May 201715. Woman speaking on the phone UPSOUND (Arabic) \"Miss Fatma, this is Rowaa from Green Pan. You registered your name for the provision of used cooking oil.\" 16. Woman at desk17. Wide interior of office18. Close of Ahmed Raafat19. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Raafat, a co-founder of Tagaddod for the production of biodiesel: \"When we first started, we wanted our product to contribute to easing the energy crisis in Egypt. Thank God now there is no energy crisis. However, we realised that there is no law that allows us to sell our product in Egypt so we had to export the product.\" Cairo - 14 May 201720. Various inside Karm Solar office Cairo - 11 May 201721. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Zahran, CEO of Karm Solar: \"Egypt has an edge because it is on the solar belt so the productivity of solar energy stations is one of the highest in the world. However, what is really needed is an investment in the development of solar technology because we should not just be consumers of solar energy. If you look at Gulf countries, they are rich in oil but they are incapable of producing oil on their own. They lack the oil technology. If Egypt adopts the same approach, our fate will be doomed.\"Bahareya Oasis - 22 May 201722. Various of a Karm Solar solar energy station Cairo - 11 May 201723. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Ahmed Zahran, CEO of Karm Solar: \"We can refer to what happened with the feed-in-tariff schemes. The government announced the program to all international companies. The government was aiming to secure four gigawatts from wind and solar energy. Many companies had applied and 86 coalitions were selected to implement 86 stations. However, because these companies did not know how things work in Egypt and the government itself did not know how they, the companies, operated, only five stations out of the envisaged 86 were agreed upon.\"Bahareya Oasis - 22 May 201724. 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