{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='AP Releases Report on Nazi Germany' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d44fd8eafeecae1f1965' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d44fd8eafeecae1f1965' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAP Releases Report on Nazi Germany\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eRESTRICTION SUMMARY: SHOTLIST:ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 20171. Still image,  AP Report, \"Covering Tyranny The AP and Nazi Germany 1933-1945\"2. Graphic, opening pages of AP reportUNIVERSAL NEWSREEL - AP CLIENTS...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eRESTRICTION SUMMARY: SHOTLIST:ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 20171. Still image,  AP Report, \"Covering Tyranny The AP and Nazi Germany 1933-1945\"2. Graphic, opening pages of AP reportUNIVERSAL NEWSREEL - AP CLIENTS ONLYDate, Location Unknown++4x3 VIDEO - BLACK AND WHITE - AUDIO MUTE++3. Various, Nazi soldiers and Adolph Hitler ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 20174. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President, Standards:\"Well like any serious organization we do like to look back on our history and to take what lessons we can from the past. The catalyst for this report was a article written last year by a German historian who said that the AP in the 1930s, in Berlin, was influenced by Nazi propaganda, particularly in it's German picture service and this contradicted what we knew or thought of our own past, so we thought it was very important to go back and look at that again.\"UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL - AP CLIENTS ONLYGermany - 1938++BLACK AND WHITE++++MUTE++(Various, Kristallnacht scenes)5. People passing next to raging fire6. Fire burning7. Soldiers throwing books onto fire8. Graffiti9. Soldier outside store10. Soldier painting Star of David on shop windowASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients OnlyBerlin, November 10, 193811. Still photo, damaged store front of Jewish-owned shop12. Burned out synagogue with fire crews on site13. Burned out synagogueASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201714. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President, Standards:\"The gist of our conclusions is that overall AP did an excellent job of informing the world about the threat of Hitler, about the rearmament of Germany, about his anti-Semitic actions, about the pograms that took place during Kristallnacht and about his plans to dominate Europe. The AP was forthright and honest and it's reporting.\" NEWSPAPERS.COM - AP CLIENTS ONLY15. Various, archival headlines of AP reports on Kristallnacht from November 10, 1938ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - Date Unknown16. AP Internal document highlighting AP coverage of GermanyASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYLondon, June 194417. AP Photo showing a German bomb as it plummets with its engine cut out, down behind the towers of the law courts building in Central London. The bomb landed on a side road off Drury Lane, blasting the offices of the London Daily Herald among other buildings.  Photo is part of image exchange.18. In this view from a Fleet Street rooftop, a cloud of smoke rises after a German buzz bomb exploded in a side street off Drury Lane, behind the towers of the law courts building in Central London, in June 1944. The Daily Herald building and other structures were blasted.ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201719. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President, Standards:\"This arrangement was sanctioned by the U.S. government after the fact. The AP reached out to the Office of War Censorship and asked if they would have any objection to the AP receiving, through neutral countries, photos from Axis countries, with the understanding with the understanding that the AP would be getting German photos and would be delivering American photos. The U.S. Censors said, we see no problem as long as the photos pass through wartime military censorship so no military secrets are being betrayed.\"NATIONAL ARCHIVES - NO RESTRICTIONS20. Document dated July 14, 1942  - AP letter sent to U.S. Office of Censorship detailing photo exchange arrangement21. Document dated June 18, 1942 - Letter of acknowledgement from U.S. government regarding AP photo exchange ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201722. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President for Standards:\"In some instances there were some situation handled inadequately and I would point to the fact that AP photos used by the Germans in the German media were often distorted or abused by the German media and we could find no record that AP directly protested to those editors about the misuse of those photos. Now today, AP has a policy that if any customer is misusing AP content we pull the plug on that customer.\"ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP Clients OnlyAlgeria - Nov. 25, 1942. 23. Unaltered AP photo of soldiers raising U.S. and British flags at ceremony at Allied headquarters as transmitted by the Associated PressASSOCIATED PRESS -- AP Clients OnlyAlgeria -Nov. 25, 1942. 24. Close, AP photo as it appears in German newspaper,  Zeitung.++ IMAGE HAS BEEN ALTERED BY GERMAN MEDIA TO REMOVE BRITISH FLAG FROM ORIGINAL AP PHOTO. ++25. Wide, AP photo as it appears in German newspaper,  Zeitung.++ IMAGE HAS BEEN ALTERED BY GERMAN MEDIA TO REMOVE BRITISH FLAG FROM ORIGINAL AP PHOTO. ++US ARMY -- AP Clients OnlyGreat Britain - July. 25, 1942. 26. US \"Flying Fortress\" flies over heads of ground crewASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY27. Original AP caption describing accompanying \"Flying Fortress\" photo28. Translation showing German caption as published in the Berliner Illustrierte. ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201729. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President for Standards:\"Some of these photos the AP obtained we're really important photos of the war. They show the first bombing damage in Berlin, they showed fighting on the Eastern front outside Stalingrad, they showed images of the failed Warsaw uprising of 1944 and many, many other iconic photos came to the AP. When the photos were distributed they always were captioned in the US to make clear that they were coming from Nazi sources and all these pictures had passed through Nazi sensors. Nevertheless, they had great news value. So the AP thought then, and it thinks now that this was the right decision to get these photos in order to expand people's understanding of the war.\"ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYWarsaw, 194430. AP Photo showing soldiers from the Polish Home Army fighting on a barricade during the Warsaw 1944 Uprising against the Nazis. The Uprising broke out on August 1, 1944 and lasted for 63 days.ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYBerlin - Dec. 25, 1943. 31. AP Photo, the Charlottenburg district of Berlin after bombing raids on Dec. 25, 1943. ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYBerlin, Dec. 25, 1943. 32. AP Photo, Barracks of foreign workers in Berlin lie in ruins after an allied World War II bombing raid. ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYStalingrad, Oct. 1942. BURO LAUX/F. MARQUIS DE COSTA VIA APPortugal, October 1942. 33. German infantry capture \"Hill 102,\" a strong point in the industrial suburbs of Stalingrad, according to the Nazi censor-approved caption that accompanied the photo. This point changed hands daily, sometimes hourly, in the fierce fighting near the city, according to info furnished with photo. This photo was distributed by Buro Laux, a German Foreign Ministry conduit for photos, and transmitted to The Associated Press in London via the Lisbon photo agent F. Marquis de Costa in neutral PortugalASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYBerlin, Dec. 1943. 34. AP Photo Barracks of foreign workers in Berlin lie in ruins after an allied World War II bombing raid.NATIONAL ARCHIVES - NO RESTRICTIONSLisbon, Portugal - October 194235. Various, the Associated Press Lisbon  including shots of Luiz Lupi, AP correspondent, reading a newspaper and then typing and sending off a cable.ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYLarissa, Greece, 194136. AP Photo, Chief correspondent of the Berlin bureau of the Associated Press, Louis Lochner, made a tour of inspection of the Balcan battlefield upon invitation of the German Fifth Command. Photo shows from right; Louis Lochner; Professor Karl Boemer, Chief of Propoganda and Pierre Huss Chief Correspondent of the International News Service in Berlin. They are standing before their quarters at Larissa, Greece, 1941.ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYBerlin, 193937, Chief correspondent of the Berlin bureau of the Associated Press, Louis Lochner, U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES -  AP CLIENTS ONLYDate, location unknown38. Wide, An undated photo of Helmut Laux, a photographer and Waffen-SS second lieutenant, who took control of the AP's former German photo service after the American staff was arrested in December 1941. He continued to operate it as Bureau Laux and entered into a picture exchange arrangement with AP from 1942–45. the U.S. National Archives.U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES -  AP CLIENTS ONLY39. Close of LauxASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201740. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President for Standards:\"AP photographers were covering the war from the time it began in 1939 until the end of 1941. After that, AP was thrown out of the country, but during those early years of World War II AP was able to send photographers into the areas where the German army was operating and get photographs for the US newspaper market. Now the only way to do that was to be in these German PKs, the propaganda units that went to the front. There were no independent photographers operating so that's why AP had photographers over with the German armies in those years before the United States entered the war.\"ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLY41. AP Photo of Franz Roth, ardent Nazi, photographer employed by the AP German service, sometimes on staff and sometimes as a freelancer.ASSOCIATED PRESS - AP CLIENTS ONLYNew York - May 8, 201742. SOUNDBITE (English) John Daniszewski, Associated Press Vice President for Standards:\"These were difficult times, we may be difficult choices. The most difficult of all was complying with the Nazi edict that we had to release six employees of the AP German photo service who were Jewish. The law required that only Arian Germans be allowed to work in the media. The AP resisted this order for more than two years and came under considerable pressure. When it finally complied and made sure that all the Jewish employees were kept safe, that they found work elsewhere outside the country and I'm pleased to say that all six of them survived the Holocaust through the APs assistance.\"STORYLINE: The Associated Press has conducted an in-depth review of its operations in Nazi Germany, concluding that the news agency acted as \"forthrightly and independently as possible.\" But the review did identify some questionable decisions.The review was undertaken after an article published last year contended that the AP allowed Nazi propagandists to exert some influence over its news photo report in the 1930s by maintaining a photo subsidiary in Germany, registered under a restrictive Nazi press law. The author, historian Harriet Scharnberg, also identified AP German photographers who were drafted into or joined Nazi military propaganda units during World War II, some while still being paid by AP. AP's review disputed Scharnberg's conclusion that the news agency was in any way complicit with the Nazi regime during the years 1933-41, when the agency was present in the country. The AP was kicked out of Germany when the United States entered World War II in December 1941. \"We recognize that AP should have done some things differently during this period, for example protesting when AP photos were exploited by the Nazis for propaganda within Germany and refusing to employ German photographers with active political affiliations and loyalties,\" the report says.\"However, suggestions that AP at any point sought to help the Nazis or their heinous cause are simply wrong,\" it adds.\"Due in large part to the AP's aggressive reporting, the dangers of the Nazis' ambitions for domination in Europe and its brutal treatment of its opponents were revealed to the wider world.\" The report spells out instances in which AP editors clashed with Nazi censors and also demanded that stronger steps be taken to keep the AP German photo service free of Nazi propaganda. It also cites AP reporting in the 1930s that alerted readers in the United States to the acts of anti-Semitism and cruelty of the Nazi regime both in words and photos. AP Executive Editor Sally Buzbee said the AP's coverage of Nazi Germany reflected its core newsgathering principles.\"It is essential to cover tyrannical regimes and other undemocratic movements, when possible from within the borders they control, in order to accurately relay what is happening inside,\" she said. \"That is what we do, without compromising AP's independence or standards.\" \"AP believes it is important to know one's own story _ warts and all _ and so we have re-examined the period, taking a hard look,\" says the report's introduction, written by John Daniszewski, AP's vice president and editor at large for standards. Research began more than a year ago with a review of previously unexamined AP archives. That review was then was extended to other records _ including U.S. military documents, and the oral histories and personal papers of deceased employees. Scharnberg also was interviewed. The report notes that Louis P. Lochner, the AP's Berlin bureau chief from 1928-41, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1939 for his comprehensive coverage of the Nazi regime, including the Nazis' anti-Semitic policies and actions. A German-American and former World War I peace advocate who personally despised the Nazis, Lochner was aware that some critics back home viewed him as pro-Nazi, particularly when he was covering Nazi military victories in the first years of World War II.Among the report's key findings for the period 1933-41:The AP's German photo service, established as a subsidiary in 1931, provided photos to German media after Nazis took power in 1933. The Nazis quickly brought the AP German photo service and all other German media companies under the supervision of the Propaganda Ministry. While AP management insisted that its German photo service production stay neutral, German staff members faced constant pressure from Propaganda Ministry officials about the AP's photo output, \"with some doing a better job of resisting Nazi demands than others.\" AP's photo captions when they appeared in German media often were rewritten or published under misleading or offensive headlines. While the AP protested and fought against Nazi attempts to censor the AP itself, the review found no evidence that AP protested these abuses by pro-Nazi media. Current AP practice requires a strong response when AP customers willfully distort the meaning of AP content.  After resisting for two years, the AP in late 1935 submitted to an anti-Semitic edict that all people working in German media must be of German \"Aryan\" origin. AP's German photo service let go six employees considered Jewish by the Nazis, while helping them to find work elsewhere. \"The AP made the difficult decision to comply because it believed it was critical for AP to remain in Germany and gather news and photos during this crucial period,\" the report said. With AP's aid, all of these employees emigrated and survived the Holocaust.AP's Berlin-based American reporters and German photographers covered the first part of World War II from 1939-41 from the German side of the battle lines. The United States had not yet entered the war but some of this coverage was criticized from within the U.S. Embassy in Berlin as channeling German official views and disinformation; AP executives in New York assessed the accusations and rejected the criticism, stating that AP reports reflected events as seen by the reporters.A few of AP's German employees held pro-Nazi views and covered the German side of the war enthusiastically. One staff and then freelance photographer employed by the AP German service was Austrian-born Franz Roth, an ardent Nazi who traveled as a war photographer with the Waffen SS to several fronts before and after the AP's expulsion from Germany. He died as a combat photographer in 1943.After 1939, the German government drafted several AP German photo service employees to serve with propaganda units accompanying troops to cover the fighting, requiring that the resulting photos be pooled for use by German media while their salaries still were paid by AP Germany. AP management at the time believed their photography had news value in spite of the restrictions caused by traveling with German forces.Among the report's key findings for the period 1942-45:¶   _With the U.S. entry into the war against Germany in December 1941, AP's American staff members were arrested and interned for five months before being deported in a prisoner exchange. The AP German picture service was seized, handed over to the German Foreign Ministry and put under control of a Waffen SS photographer, Helmut Laux. Most German former AP personnel were forced into Laux's operation; others were sent to military units. ¶   _In an arrangement reached in neutral Portugal in 1942 between Laux and the local AP correspondent, Laux's operation gathered and sent regular packets of German-censored photos from Germany and German-occupied Europe to AP's New York and London office via Lisbon. In exchange, with the knowledge and approval of U.S. wartime officials, AP sent photographs from the U.S. to neutral countries for ultimate distribution inside Germany. The exchange was approved by AP's New York headquarters and AP annual reports at the time made public that the AP was receiving photos from Nazi-German-occupied areas.With one known exception, the AP report says, the AP images that appeared in German publications through this arrangement during the war were unaltered by the Germans, but captions were rewritten by German propagandists to conform to official Nazi views.¶   According to the report, AP's management in New York considered obtaining the German photos an important way to fulfil its mission to cover the war as comprehensively as possible.¶   \"Although the exchange necessitated dealing with the Nazi regime, it was the AP's belief then and now that the photos gave the U.S. public a much fuller picture of the war than could have been obtained otherwise,\" says the AP report. \"That included scenes of fighting on the Russian front, the results of bombings of German cities and Germany's falling war fortunes.\" 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business\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003eberlin, important, news industry, german media, new products and services, operating, political and civil unrest, passed, general news, labor issues, report, photos, race and ethnicity, news, back, country, thought, fact, war and unrest, front, customer, photographers, jewish, racial and ethnic discrimination, photographic services, germans, international incidents, government and politics, personnel, media and entertainment industry, showed, past, difficult, make, order, world, human rights and civil liberties, workplace discrimination, products and services, professional services, corporate news, year, understanding, social affairs, media industry, anti-semitism\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' 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