{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Botanists warn Chinese medicine plants must be authenticated' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d40cd8eafeecae1ef695' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d40cd8eafeecae1ef695' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nBotanists warn Chinese medicine plants must be authenticated\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWORLD CHINESE MEDICINE SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESSRESTRICTIONS: AP CLIENTS ONLYLENGTH: 6.16SHOTLIST:Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 20171. Close of flowering quince on branch2. Wide of quince bush3. Close pan of quince...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWORLD CHINESE MEDICINE SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESSRESTRICTIONS: AP CLIENTS ONLYLENGTH: 6.16SHOTLIST:Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 20171. Close of flowering quince on branch2. Wide of quince bush3. Close pan of quince bush4. Close of buds on magnolia branch 5. Close of magnolia flowers on branch6. Wide of flowers with line of school children in the distance 7. Close pull focus from magnolia about to flower to daffodils in the distance8. Wide of people looking at magnolia trees 9. Low view of magnolias 10. Mid pan up tree from carpet of petals11. Wide of entrance of the Chinese Medicine Plants Authentication Centre at Kew12. Wide pan of plants in storage inside centre 13. Various of Dr. Christine Leon looking at Kew's new reference book on Chinese medicine plants14. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Christine Leon medical botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:\"The names of these entities tend to be very variable, therefore it's very difficult to track exactly which species is being traded and because the quality control systems, which includes are they the correct species, these are very, very piecemeal particularly internationally. It's very difficult to know exactly which herbs are being traded.\"15. Various of beds of pulsitilla in rockery garden 16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Christine Leon medical botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:\"This is one of the main reasons that we've actually been writing our book to try to highlight the particular Chinese medicines that are now becoming quite scarce in the wild and are either being replaced by cheap lookalikes, or something else that is perhaps is less effective.\"17. Various of  fritilleria ruthenica (purple) and fritilleria chitralensis (yellow)18. Pan between different fritilleria bulbs19. Various close of bulbs20. Close of fritilleria ruthenica 21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Christine Leon medical botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:\"There are many species of fritillery, or fritillaria as they're known botanically, in China that are used medicinally. Their bulbs are very popular in cough mixtures and for treating chronic bronchitis in particular and they're very well established medicines in this (Chinese) medical system. They're so effective that the demand for them sadly, is now so high that many lookalike substitutes are being used, and because the majority of these fritillaria species are wild harvested, there's a demand and supply problem. So many of these are being substituted with the bulbs of other fritillaries that perhaps are less effective, or may indeed have no actual activity at all and as demand rises, as it has over the last few decades internationally, this is putting increasing pressure particularly on the wild populations of fritillaries and indeed many other species of Chinese medicinal plant.\" 22. Close move on jar of dried Aristolochia manshuriensis commonly known as Manchurian pipevine23. Close pan of cough mixture claiming to be made from fritillaria24. Close of assorted dried barks and plants 25. Close tilt up of dried ginseng in a jar26. Close of eucommia bark being lifted and handledBeijing, China – 13 April, 2017 27. Close of acupuncture needles being inserted into patient's hands at Dr. Han Bin's practice in Beijing 28. Mid of Bin talking to patient in surgery 29. Wide of patient and doctors in Bin's practice30. SOUNDBITE: (Mandarin) Han Bin, Chinese Medicine Practitioner:\"How do you evaluate the quality of medicine? It should be decided by doctors, not by factories, not by quality supervision authorities, because they may only focus on the quality of one or two species and ignore the overall nature of the mixture of herbs. So I think the only standard on the quality of the medicine is whether the prescription given by doctors can achieve expected clinical effects.\"31. Various of patient in Bin's practiceRoyal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201732. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Christine Leon medical botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:\"The last couple of decades there's been this boom in trade in Chinese medicinal dried plant materials. A lot of money also has been invested in how they work and how best can we improve, perhaps the quality, or application of them, but there's been very little investment in checking are they actually the correct species.\"33. Close of pulsitilla halleri growing in pot in the nursery 34. Wide pan of plants being cultivated in nursery 35. Close tilt up of pulsitilla halleri 36. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Christine Leon medical botanist, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew:\"Different parts of the industry including some of the practitioners, traders and the researchers and regulators are beginning to realise that maybe we don't actually know what this plant really is.\"37. Close of forsythia 38. Close tilt down on eucommia tree trunk39. Low wide pan of magnolia petals carpeting the grass LEADIN:We could be risking our health, or spending money on ineffective medicines because hundreds of herbal remedies are not properly authenticated outside of China, according to botanists.Scientists at the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew say the massive boom in demand for traditional Chinese medicine is putting putting the sustainability of wild plants under pressure, prompting traders to use different species.STORYLINE:The vibrant red of this quince is known all over the world.It's used Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) to treat a range of illnesses including arthritis, but not all quinces are the right species to produce the medicine.Magnolia bark is also used in Chinese medicine, but active ingredients in all these plants vary even within species because in China plants are often specially cultivated for medicines.Inside China all these plants are widely used and more easily authenticated, but scientists in the laboratories here at Kew are concerned that outside the country there aren't the skills to enable the accurate identification of plants.Kew has been involved in collecting, identifying and preserving plants since the 1800s and it already has a department dedicated to the authentication of these plants used as medicines.This is not as easy as you might imagine, especially as the plants are often dried and processed before they're exported. In some cases DNA tests are required.Now a team of botanists here have worked with Chinese colleagues to create a reference book which gives details of what the plants look like at all stages of the medicine trade and which species of a particular plant produces the active ingredients required.It was compiled by Dr. Christine Leon who says: \"The names of these entities tend to be very variable, therefore it's very difficult to track exactly which species is being traded and because the quality control systems, which includes are they the correct species, these are very, very piecemeal particularly internationally. It's very difficult to know exactly which herbs are being traded.\"According to Leon there has also been growth of Chinese medicine within some western health systems, not just as a complementary, or alternative service.For doctors and nurses, being able to rely upon the veracity of the drugs they  prescribe is paramount.Leon says: \"This is one of the main reasons that we've actually been writing our book to try to highlight the particular Chinese medicines that are now becoming quite scarce in the wild and are either being replaced by cheap lookalikes, or something else that is perhaps is less effective.\"There are currently six hundred plants which are commonly used in medicines, but there are many more which have yet to be studied and properly documented.Even within China there are thousands of different species and as scientists and botanists improve their knowledge base, more species of plant are quantified, tested and put into the Chinese pharmacopeia. They then become more accessible internationally. The problem arises because China cannot supply the quantity that the rest of the world is now looking for, so there are a growing number substitutes being used and adulterated ingredients entering the trade which can compromise clinical outcomes, or even cause adverse reactions. According to Leon a perfect example of the problem is these fritillaria. They are among many plants being grown in the giant nursery at Kew's Royal Botanic Gardens.She says:\"There are many species of fritillery, or fritillaria as they're known botanically, in China that are used medicinally. Their bulbs are very popular in cough mixtures and for treating chronic bronchitis in particular and they're very well established medicines in this (Chinese) medical system. They're so effective that the demand for them sadly, is now so high that many lookalike substitutes are being used, and because the majority of these fritillaria species are wild harvested, there's a demand and supply problem. So many of these are being substituted with the bulbs of other fritillaries that perhaps are less effective, or may indeed have no actual activity at all and as demand rises, as it has over the last few decades internationally, this is putting increasing pressure particularly on the wild populations of fritillaries and indeed many other species of Chinese medicinal plant.\" Another concern of botanists like Leon is the sustainability of these plants.Each year the trade from China alone is worth eight billion US dollars. The plants may be grown in other countries but without expert botanic supervision they might not be able to guarantee they have the correct strength of active ingredients.In Beijing Chinese medicine practitioners like Han Bin understand the need for the proper authentication of plants.But he argues this is something that should always be administered by a doctor: \"How do you evaluate the quality of medicine? It should be decided by doctors, not by factories, not by quality supervision authorities, because they may only focus on the quality of one or two species and ignore the overall nature of the mixture of herbs. So I think the only standard on the quality of the medicine is whether the prescription given by doctors can achieve expected clinical effects.\"Leon and others at Kew have spent the last sixteen years examining each herb at its source to create the reference book on herbal drugsToday's interest in Chinese medicinal plants is global, having been used therapeutically for over three thousand years in China, Kew says it is now practised in over one hundred countries. The resurgence of the plant-based medicines in the West has meant these plants have also become the focus of natural product research programmes spanning the pharmaceutical, health food and cosmetic industries. Leon says: \"The last couple of decades there's been this boom in trade in Chinese medicinal dried plant materials. A lot of money also has been invested in how they work and how best can we improve, perhaps the quality, or application of them, but there's been very little investment in checking are they actually the correct species.\"She says: \"Different parts of the industry including some of the practitioners, traders and the researchers and regulators are beginning to realise that  maybe we don't actually know what this plant really is.\"It's taken Leon and her colleague sixteen years to research the book which concentrates on the two hundred most commonly used plant medicines.They're hoping it'll become an identification manual for TCM traders, herbal dispensaries and practitioners, health regulators and conservationists including CITES enforcement officers.====Clients are reminded: (i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com. 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