{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Research says changing cattle feed could reduce methane' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d35ad8eafeecae1e933a' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d35ad8eafeecae1e933a' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nResearch says changing cattle feed could reduce methane\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLEADIN:Scientists say cattle and sheep farmers can begin to control their massive contribution to greenhouse gases and global warming by feeding their animals more high value, nutritious plants.The claims are made in a new report which...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLEADIN:Scientists say cattle and sheep farmers can begin to control their massive contribution to greenhouse gases and global warming by feeding their animals more high value, nutritious plants.The claims are made in a new report which claims our targets to reduce global warming can be met if farming in high risk areas is made to change.STORYLINE: Lush green grass and healthy, well fed cows. The image is a pastoral ideal which has persevered through time, but scientists say it can't last, not unless farming across the world starts to change.According to today's report, global warming will make farming in some regions extremely difficult, particularly as the demand for western meat rich diets is increasing across Africa and Asia.Researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew say they've reached the conclusion after examining scores of studies on local farming techniques and projected methane emissions from colleagues around the world.Cows, sheep, goats, buffalo and antelopes are ruminents and they create methane from the way they digest food.While they graze, cows store the plants within their rumen, an area of their stomach where the vegetation is broken down by fermentation.This is regurgitated and chewed before digestion.  Inside the rumen, micro organisms which break down the plant matter produce methane, the vast majority of this is belched out in the animal's breath.Feed which is high in nutritive value is processed by cows more quickly than coarser plants which take longer and produce more gas.This is the Nakhon Sawan area of Thailand during a drought last May.The lake here dried up and the cattle fed on plants that were able to survive these parched conditions.The author of the report released in the online journal Biogeosciences is Dr. Mark Lee from London's Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. He says: \"Agriculture as a whole produces about fifteen percent of the greenhouse gas emissions which are associated with human activity and the largest contributor to that fact is ruminent livestock, cattle sheep and goats and they produce methane in huge quantities and this is one of the main reasons our planet is warming up and methane is around 21 to 25 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.\"Trying to target meat eaters is not an economically viable option according to Lee.Lee's report claims consumption is on the rise particularly in Asia and Africa, but he admits it is difficult to make exact forecasts when it comes to greenhouse gases like methane.He says: \"This is particularly true in the developing world so there's a huge demand for western meat rich diets, particularly across places like Asia and Africa where the growth in meat consumption is huge and we don't know an awful lot about what those livestock are actually eating and the nutritional value of those forage plants.\"In the period between 1961 and 2014 global meat production increased from 71 milllion tonnes to 318 million tonnes and the value of livestock farming rose according to Lee's report.But Lee says: \"Meat consumption is a global asset worth about 1.4 trillion dollars (US) to the global economy and it employs, or sustains about 1.3 billion people. So meat consumption actually isn't going away, but what we need to do is farm more sustainably instead, that's a better option, but it is true that meat particularly ruminent meat like beef is around 250 times more damaging to the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions than some crops.\"Researchers at Kew say methane from livestock bred in arid climates increases exponentially because of the poor quality of forage available to the animals.As the temperature warms we're likely to see foraged grasses which are tougher to digest because they contain more fibre and less protein.The result is a lower production of meat and milk and higher methane.According to Lee: \"One of the things that we've found is that as temperatures go up forage plants become much tougher and that's a problem in the future because temperatures are going to go up, so we're likely to see that forage plants are going to become more tough and more difficult to digest. So they have higher fibre, lower protein, that means they can produce much less meat and milk, but can be associated with much higher greenhouse gas emissions as well.\"Trying to limit the expansion of livestock farming to new regions is obviously a way of limiting the environmental footprint of these animals. Scientists at Kew say around a quarter of the Earth's ice free surface is already pasture.But it can lead to deeper divisions when it comes to environmental conservation.Poorer developing nations already level accusations of hypocrisy at the western developed world.In climate talks the West demands cuts in industrial pollution which contributes to global warming.This is regarded as unfair because the developed countries have already grown richer through their own industry which, according to researchers has been responsible for speeding up the process of global warming in the first place.Lee says:\"We're not saying that farming cannot be allowed in these regions, what we need to do is try and identify certain regions that are going to be problematic and our paper actually identifies parts of north and eastern Europe, parts of Asia, parts of South America that are likely to be exposed to dangerous climate change, or the most severe climate change and it's these regions that we may need to limit livestock farming in the future.\"Growing the traditional higher value, nutritious plants in more arid regions is not an easy option as they would simply turn to weeds, according to the botanists at Kew.The report claims warmer regions are associated with taller less nutritious and slow growing grasses with low concentrations of protein.  But they claim there are other measures that can be taken, for example harvesting earlier in the year because summer harvests are less nutritious than those in spring. They argue greater research is needed to identify and expand native plants which are higher in proteins. Lee says:  \"If we can plant more nutritious forage plants and we can plant species that are better adapted to those conditions, then this is the best hope we've got of farming the most sustainably across these regions and not having to reduce livestock farming because we know it's so important in terms of producing meat and in terms of providing jobs. So we're certainly not saying livestock farming needs to be completely eliminated. We need to think of ways of farming more sustainably across these regions.\"Scientists may believe that changing cow feed, not banning meat holds the key to sustainable farming and reducing dangerous levels of methane, but it won't be a quick fix. Lee believes the first step must be to improve forecasting models so that scientists know in precise detail which areas of the world will be most severely affected by climate change.Ignoring the problem is not an option, according to the authors of today's (27 March 2017) report.Blacklion, Republic of Ireland - 24 May 20161. Mid of farmer with a calf and cows on pasture2. Close of calf 3. Mid of sheep running on pastureGalt, California - 3 November 20164. Aerial shot of New Hope Dairy5. Wide of farmer walking through cowshed 6. Various of cows Nakhon Sawan, Thailand - 16 May 20167. Wide of cows grazing on drought dried land 8. Close of soil cracked by drought Domboshava Communal lands, Zimbabwe - 18 May 20139. Various of cattle walking down corral 10. Mid rear view of cattle jumping into dipRoyal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201711. Various of Dr. Mark Lee walking through grass gardens at Kew12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"Agriculture as a whole produces about fifteen percent of the greenhouse gas emissions which are associated with human activity and the largest contributor to that fact is ruminent livestock, like cattle sheep and goats and they produce methane in huge quantities and this is one of the main reasons why our planet is warming up and methane is around 21 to 25 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.\"Hollywood, California, US - 10 March 201413. Close zoom out of woman serving herself portion of large rare steak in restaurant 14. Close zoom out of rare steak in sauce being eaten 15. Various of chefs in restaurant kitchen cutting, preparing and grilling T-bone and fillet steakCairo, Egypt - 10 October 201316. Wide of stall cooking and selling grilled meats 17. Various of people working on meat stall 18. Close of cows intestines being cooked Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201719. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"This is particularly true in the developing world so there's a huge demand for western meat rich diets, particularly across places like Asia and Africa where the growth in meat consumption is huge and we don't know an awful lot about what those livestock are actually eating and the nutritional value of those forage plants.\"Buenos Aires, Argentina - 5 February 201620. Mid pan of meat hanging in meatpacking house to wide of workers preparing meat for distribution21. Meat worker pulling cattle carcass hanging on hook in meat packing house22. Close pan of cattle carcasses hanging on hooks in meat packing house23. Close of label on meat carcass24. Workers inside refrigerator laden with cattle carcassesRoyal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201725. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"Meat consumption is a global asset worth about 1.4 trillion dollars (US) to the global economy and it employs, or sustains about 1.3 billion people. So meat consumption actually isn't going away, but what we need to do is farm more sustainably instead, that's a better option, but it is true that meat particularly ruminent meat like beef is around 250 times more damaging to the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions than some crops.Domboshava Communal lands, Zimbabwe - 20 May 201326. Various wide of farmers herding cowsRoyal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201727. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"One of the things that we've found is that as temperatures go up forage plants become much tougher and that's a problem in the future because temperatures are going to go up, so we're likely to see that forage plants are going to become more tough and more difficult to digest. So they have higher fibre, lower protein, and that means they can produce much less meat and milk, but can be associated with much higher greenhouse gas emissions as well.\"Nakhon Sawan, Thailand -16 May 201628. Various aerials of herd of cattle running across land dried by drought Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201729. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"We're not saying that farming cannot be allowed in these regions, what we need to do is try and identify certain regions that are going to be problematic and our paper actually identifies parts of north and eastern Europe, parts of Asia, parts of South America that are likely to be exposed to dangerous climate change, or the most severe climate change and it's these regions that we may need to limit livestock farming in the future.\"Domboshava Communal lands, Zimbabwe - 18 May 201330. Various of emaciated cattle Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London - 17 March 201731. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Mark Lee, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew\"If we can plant more nutritious forage plants and we can plant species that are better adapted to those conditions, then this is the best hope we've got of farming the most sustainably across these regions and not having to reduce livestock farming because we know it's so important in terms of producing meat and in terms of providing jobs. So we're certainly not saying livestock farming needs to be completely eliminated. We need to think of ways of farming more sustainably across those regions.\"Aberystwyth, Wales - 15 June 201132. Mid of researcher walking through long grass33. Various of cows in pasture\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=1134848\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=365221\"\u003eScience\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Type\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\u0026amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543650\"\u003eNews Clips\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSource:\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2017\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003efood, climate change, methane, air pollution, regions, asia, pollution, terms, botany, animals, farming, livestock, climate, business, meat, restaurants\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003eatmospheric science, food and drink, identify, air quality, sustainably, food manufacturing, environmental concerns, consumer products and services, greenhouse gas, cattle farming, agriculture and the environment, greenhouse effect, future, livestock farming, climatology, meat processing, tougher, energy industry, environment, true, science, crop farming, oil and gas industry, dairy product manufacturing, biology, agriculture, problem, lifestyle, environment and nature, consumer product manufacturing, beverage and tobacco products manufacturing, sheep and goat farming, produce, meat consumption, forage plants, parts, temperatures, forest plants, plant, earth science, huge\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: Research says changing cattle feed could reduce methane\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"Research says changing cattle feed could reduce methane\" title=\"Research says changing cattle feed could reduce methane\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}