{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Pastries used to illustrate Nobel win' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d213d8eafeecae1de866' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54d213d8eafeecae1de866' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPastries used to illustrate Nobel win\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited the three British-born scientists for \"theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\", in Stockholm on Tuesday. David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited the three British-born scientists for \"theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter\", in Stockholm on Tuesday. David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz were awarded this year's Nobel Prize in physics for their studies on exotic matter that could result in improved materials for electronics or quantum computers.In a lecture following the announcement, a member of the Nobel committee and professor of theoretical physics explained the concept of topology, the basis of the work in which the three were cited, using different types of pastries. Topology is the study of properties of objects that aren't changed when the objects are distorted.As Thors Hans Hansson explained during the lecture, a doughnut and a coffee cup are equivalent topologically because they each have exactly one hole.The academy said the laureates' work in the 1970s and '80s in this area opened the door to a previously unknown world where matter takes unusual states or phases.The judges said there is now hope that \"topological materials will be useful for new generations of electronics and superconductors or in future quantum computers,\" the academy said.Nobel judges often award discoveries made decades ago to make sure they withstand the test of time.Stockholm - 4 October 20161. Thors Hans Hansson, Member of Nobel committee and professor of theoretical physics standing up to present lecture on winning Nobel physics prize citations2. Cutaway camera3. SOUNDBITE (English) Thors Hans Hansson, Member of Nobel committee and professor of theoretical physics:\"I will start by explaining to you a concept from the citation that might not be familiar to you and that's the concept of topology. So I brought my lunch, and here you see is a cinnamon bun. Here I have another thing; here I have bagel, okay. And here I have a pretzel. It's a Swedish pretzel with two holes in it. Now for us, these things are very different, this is sweet, this is perhaps salty, different shapes etcetera. But if you are a topologist, it's only one thing that is really interesting with these things in which they differ. This thing has no hole, the bagel has one hole. The pretzel has two holes. The number of holes is what a topologist would call a topological invariant and just as you cannot have half a hole, or two and two-thirds of a hole, a topological invariant only has integer numbers. And another thing which is very important for the following with topological invariants is that it takes something to change the topological number. I take this thing, you see, I can bend it a little bit, compress it. But in order to change the number of holes, I have to do something drastic; I have to break it apart. And this stability of the topological invariant is going to be important.\"4. Cutaway sign for the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences5. Screen showing explanation of topology 6. SOUNDBITE (English) Thors Hans Hansson, Member of Nobel committee and professor of theoretical physics: ++OVERLAID BY PREVIOUS SHOT++\"The real breakthrough came with the discovery of one of today's laureates, David Thouless, who could see, who could show that these steps here actually can be explained by such a topological invariant is not exactly as the number of holes in a bagel or a pretzel but is something very very similar. And this also explains why it is so precise, why it's so robust why you get integer (whole) steps, and later on in 1988 Duncan Haldane, another of today's laureates showed that you could do the same without having this very strong magnetic field and the continuation of this field that was very very important.\"++ENDS ON SOUNDBITE++\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details 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