{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Flaws found in approval of licensed materials used in making \u0026#39;dirty bombs\u0026#39;' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c58cd8eafeecae171027' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c58cd8eafeecae171027' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nFlaws found in approval of licensed materials used in making \u0026#39;dirty bombs\u0026#39;\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Wide view of hearing room, zoom in to Senator Norm Coleman2. Side view of those testifying3. SOUNDBITE: (English): Senator Norm Coleman (Republican-Minnesota)\"It is clear that terrorists are interested in using a dirty bomb to wreak...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Wide view of hearing room, zoom in to Senator Norm Coleman\u003cbr/\u003e2. Side view of those testifying\u003cbr/\u003e3. SOUNDBITE: (English): Senator Norm Coleman (Republican-Minnesota)\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is clear that terrorists are interested in using a dirty bomb to wreak havoc in this country.  In the words of one homeland security expert, the impact of such an attack, even a relatively simple and small dirty bomb, could be a nightmare scenario. The issue here is not the amount of lives that would be lost in the explosion itself, or even the amount of radiological material,  it is the psychological and the economic impact of having radiological material thrown about, perhaps in a place like Wall Street or in the halls of Congress.\"\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (English): Gregory Kutz, Investigator at General Accounting Office (GAO).\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our test clearly shows that the revised NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) process did not work. Using a bogus business and documents along with some social engineering, we were able to obtain a genuine NRC radioactive materials licence.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide view of hearing room\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE ( English): John Cooney, Investigator at General Accounting Office (GAO).\u003cbr/\u003e\"This particular licence is very easy to counterfeit, as you know you can counterfeit anything.  However, the NRC licence in particular, has really no security features in it.  It has no watermarks, there's no micro-printing, it has no holograms.  So it begs the question to be asked, even if there are any real counterfeits out there that we don't know about?  Because it was such an easy item to reproduce.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide view of hearing room \u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English): Gregory Kutz, Investigator at GAO:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The material that we could have acquired from these two suppliers was sufficient to reach the International Atomic Energy Agency's definition of category three. Category three sources are considered dangerous if not probably secured.  More importantly, with patience and money we could have accumulated substantially more radioactive material from other suppliers.\"\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide view of hearing room\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE ( English): Edward McGaffigan, NRC Commissioner\u003cbr/\u003e\"We appreciate GAO telling us about this difference. In late May in early June  of this year, and within two weeks - almost immediately - we took some initiatives and within two weeks we had interim guidance that we really think solves the problem in the short term.  We have longer term solutions, like this web-based licensing that we are aiming to do.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. View of Senator Daniel Akaka (Democrat-Hawaii), hitting gavel and adjourning hearing, pan back to chamber\u003cbr/\u003eRepresentatives from the US Government Accounting Office (GAO) appeared before Congress on Thursday to detail a sting operation that unveiled serious security flaws in the way the Nuclear Regulatory Commission approves licences to purchase radioactive materials that could be used in making a \"dirty bomb\".\u003cbr/\u003eThe bogus sting operation was at the request of a Congressional committee. \u003cbr/\u003eWithin a month of setting up a postal box, GAO investigators obtained a licence from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) that allowed them to buy enough radioactive material for a small \"dirty bomb\".\u003cbr/\u003eSenator Norm Coleman (Republican-Minnesota), of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs investigations subcommittee, said on Thursday the incident raised concern about terrorists easily obtaining such materials as well. \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is clear that terrorists are interested in using a dirty bomb to wreak havoc in this country.  In the words of one homeland security expert, the impact of such an attack, even a relatively simple and small dirty bomb, could be a nightmare scenario,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The issue here is not the amount of lives that would be lost in the explosion itself, or even the amount of radiological material,  it is the psychological and the economic impact of having radiological material thrown about, perhaps in a place like Wall Street or in the halls of Congress.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDuring their testimony, GAO investigators said no one at the NRC checked whether the company was legitimate.  \u003cbr/\u003eGregory Kutz, an investigator with GAO said: \" Our test clearly shows that the revised NRC process did not work. Using a bogus business and documents along with some social engineering, we were able to obtain a genuine NRC radioactive materials licence.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThey were also able to counterfeit the NRC licence.\u003cbr/\u003eGAO investigator John Cooney said the NRC licence was particularly easy to counterfeit because it had no security features.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It has no watermarks, there's no micro-printing, it has no holograms.  So it begs the question to be asked, even if there are any real counterfeits out there that we don't know about?  Because it was such an easy item to reproduce,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eNRC Commissioner Edward McGaffigan said it had solved some of the problems and that officials will now either perform on-site visits to make sure companies applying for licences were legitimate, or company officials would have to come to the NRC offices themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eThe licence that was obtained by the GAO team allowed for the purchase of up to five portable moisture density gauges widely used in construction,in which are encased small amounts of cesium-137 and americium-241, two highly radioactive isotopes.\u003cbr/\u003eIndividually, these devices pose little threat because of the small amount of radioactive material, radiation experts say. Still the devices require an NRC license to be purchased and must be closely safeguarded by companies that use them to avoid theft.\u003cbr/\u003eA so-called dirty bomb could spread radiation by a conventional explosion but does not have a nuclear detonation. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile experts believe such a bomb would not cause casualties beyond those affected by the explosion, such an attack could have significant psychological impact and have serious economy consequences because of clean-up problems.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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