{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Non Aligned Summit, Eu-Us Summit, G8, Climate' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c583d8eafeecae170bfa' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c583d8eafeecae170bfa' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nNon Aligned Summit, Eu-Us Summit, G8, Climate\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eActing Cuban President Raul Castro stood in for his brother at the September opening of the Non-Aligned Summit which brings together more than a hundred of the world's developing nations. After acknowledging his brother's illness, Raul...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eActing Cuban President Raul Castro stood in for his brother at the September opening of the Non-Aligned Summit which brings together more than a hundred of the world's developing nations. After acknowledging his brother's illness, Raul Castro launched a stream of anti-American rhetoric in his inaugural speech, saying the world today is shaped by the United States ' \"irrational pretensions for world dominance.\" \u003cbr/\u003eFidel Castro had temporarily ceded Cuba 's leadership to his 75-year-old brother and a handful of other top officials after emergency intestinal surgery in July. \u003cbr/\u003eAlso at the summit were representatives from the Group of 15 developing countries, who met on the sidelines. \u003cbr/\u003eSpeaking afterwards, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez defended Iran 's right to continue its nuclear programme, provided it was pursuing the peaceful use of nuclear technology. \u003cbr/\u003e\"All of us in the G-15 agree that, firstly, none of our countries will give up their sovereign right to develop alternative energy sources which look attractive to them,\" said Chavez to reporters. \u003cbr/\u003eNorth Korea was also at the summit, and its second highest official, Kim Yong Nam , blamed the lack of world peace on the United States , whose president George W. Bush had previously stated was part of an \"axis of evil.\" Kim defended his communist country's nuclear programme in the face of threats by the United States , laying the blame for failed six-way talks, on US insistence that the Koreans return to the table unconditionally. \u003cbr/\u003eKim said his country had been left with no other option but to possess nuclear weapons as a self-defensive deterrent and that the DPRK would not need even a single nuclear weapon if a US threat no longer existed. The leader said North Korea was earnest in previous six-way talks on its nuclear programme, but said that US sanctions had created a deadlock. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Non-aligned Movement (NAM) was formed during the Cold War to establish a neutral third path in a world divided by allegiances to the United States and the Soviet Union . It now counts 118 members with the addition of Haiti and St. Kitts. \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eHavana - 11 Sept 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eSpanish/Nat \u003cbr/\u003eWide shot of Trade Centre \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of flags \u003cbr/\u003eWide of opening ceremony \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eHavana - 14 Sept 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of Iran 's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of president of Venezuela , Hugo Chavez \u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Hugo Chavez, President of Venezuela : \u003cbr/\u003e\"All of us in the G-15 agree that, firstly, none of our countries will give up their sovereign right to develop alternative energy sources which look attractive to them.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eHavana , 15 Sept 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela with President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of President of Bolivia, Evo Morales \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of Raul Castro, acting President of Cuba (centre of picture) \u003cbr/\u003eWide of official group photo \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eHavana , 16 Sept 2006 \u003cbr/\u003ePan from Annan to Castro \u003cbr/\u003eClose-up Annan \u003cbr/\u003eRussian President Vladimir Putin welcomed his US counterpart George W. Bush at a guest house in Strelna, a suburb of St Petersburg in July, where they held informal talks ahead of the G8 (Group of Eight) summit. The US President arrived with his wife Laura in an electric car decorated with the US flag at Lindstrom's dacha, a mansion which is part of the Palace of Congresses . \u003cbr/\u003eThe Group of Eight leaders hoped to present a united front at their weekend summit, where the nuclear ambitions of Iran , North Korea 's missile test and efforts to revive stalled world trade talks were sure to feature alongside the official agenda of infectious diseases, energy and education. \u003cbr/\u003eBush has offered a strong defence for Israel 's right to defend itself, and Putin, whose country has strong ties with Arab nations and, more recently, with Israel , has been more moderate in his response to Isreal's offensive against Lebanon . \u003cbr/\u003eIsraeli warplanes had struck Lebanon after Hezbollah guerrillas captured two Israeli soldiers in a cross-border raid into Israel . The deadly bombings continued as Hezbollah fired barrages of rockets ever deeper into Israel , killing nine people in the city of Haifa . \u003cbr/\u003eFrench president Jacques Chirac said G-8 leaders would call for a show of moderation of all parties involved and for a lasting cease-fire in the Middle East . \u003cbr/\u003eOutside the summit, sporadic clashes erupted as Russian Communists rallied against government policies, despite a Kremlin ban on marches through the city for the duration of the summit. The Communist Party had been granted permission to hold a rally in central St. Petersburg , but was prohibited from marching. \u003cbr/\u003eParticipants instead gathered at another location and then walked informally to the site, an attempt to skirt the ban. But even this sparked a crackdown from security forces, who are trying to prevent the summit from being interrupted by protests such as last year's chaotic array of blockades and window-breaking in Scotland or the violence in Genoa , Italy , in 2001 in which one protester died. \u003cbr/\u003eFifteen young activists were detained in the city on their way to the protest, the city police department said. Police said they had stopped the 15 because they were walking in the street, creating a risk to traffic safety, and that some had resisted detention. \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eSt Petersburg - 14 July 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eBush and wife Laura getting out of electric car and being greeted by Putin and his wife Ludmila in Strelna, a suburb of St. Petersburg \u003cbr/\u003eSt. Petersburg , 16 July 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide of Summit Negotiations Pavilion, electrocar arriving \u003cbr/\u003eMid pan of Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi coming out of electrocar \u003cbr/\u003eClose up of Putin talking with French President Jacques Chirac \u003cbr/\u003eMid Putin and Merkel walking inside pavilion \u003cbr/\u003eWide ofs G8 leaders at round table \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eSt Petersburg - 15 July 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eProtesters marching with red flags \u003cbr/\u003eClose of protester with red scarf over mouth \u003cbr/\u003eClose of scuffles between riot police and protesters \u003cbr/\u003eClose of scuffles between riot police and protesters UPSOUND: screaming \u003cbr/\u003ePan from speakers on stage to protesters with flags \u003cbr/\u003eAbout 300 students gathered at a Vienna train station in June for a march through the Austrian capital to protest against the visit of US President George W. Bush ahead of the EU-US summit. The students' rally began at the Westbahnhof rail station and they planned to set off on foot to a square not far from the former imperial Hofburg Palace , where Bush was meeting top European Union officials. \u003cbr/\u003eSecurity was tight, with some one thousand police officers assigned solely to deal with demonstrators. \u003cbr/\u003eAuthorities said protesters would not be allowed anywhere near the summit venue. A larger demonstration expected to draw as many as 10-thousand anti-Bush protesters was scheduled for Wednesday afternoon. \u003cbr/\u003eOxfam also staged a protest against the leaders gathered for the summit. Wearing masks of US President George W. Bush, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, British Prime Minister Tony Blair and French President Jacques Chirac, activists played football with a ball resembling the world while a pretend referee held up a yellow card for unfair play. \u003cbr/\u003eMeanwhile, the EU's Foreign and Security Affairs Chief Javier Solana commented on issues relating to Iran , North Korea and Guantanamo Bay . Talking about European demands for Washington to close its detention centre for terror suspects at Guantanamo Bay , he said it was an \"anomaly\" and it had \"to end as rapid as possible\". \u003cbr/\u003eMounting EU discontent over Guantanamo , the continuing US-led war in Iraq and the alleged existence of secret CIA terror prisons in eastern Europe had threatened to eclipse the talks. \u003cbr/\u003eBush is the first US president to visit Austria since Jimmy Carter signed the SALT II nuclear arms pact with the Soviets in Vienna in 1979, met President Heinz Fischer and Chancellor Wolfgang Schuessel of Austria , which holds the European Union's rotating presidency. \u003cbr/\u003eBush and Schuessel later joined EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana and European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso at a working lunch dealing with a wide range of issues including trade, global energy security, climate change, the Middle East and Iran . \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eVienna , 21 June 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide of protest with smoke rising in the background \u003cbr/\u003ePlacard reading (in English): \"We don't want bloody capitals\" \u003cbr/\u003eOxfam protesters wearing masks of Bush, Merkel, Blair and French President Jacques Chirac playing football with a ball resembling the world \u003cbr/\u003eCutaway of interview \u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (English) Javier Solana, EU's Foreign and Security Affairs Chief: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It's not a black spot (referring to Guantanamo Bay detention centre), it's something that many Americans don't like it, we don't like it and we have treated that as an anomaly. Therefore, as an anomaly, it has to end, to end as rapid as possible. \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eVienna , 21 June 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide of photo-op \u003cbr/\u003ePool \u003cbr/\u003eBush, Fischer, Rice and Plassnik at round table meeting \u003cbr/\u003eFacing rising temperatures and flagging efforts to control greenhouse gases, thousands of delegates from around the world gathered in the Kenyan capital Nairobi in November for a United Nations conference on the next steps to ward off the worst impacts of climate change. \u003cbr/\u003eUN Secretary General, Kofi Annan told world leaders not to be \"economically defensive\" in dealing with climate change. The two-week meeting worked on technical issues involving the Kyoto Protocol, which obliges 35 industrial nations to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 5 per cent below 1990 levels by 2012. \u003cbr/\u003eScientists attribute at least some of the past century's 0.6-degree-Celsius (1-degree-Fahrenheit) rise in global temperatures to the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases. \u003cbr/\u003eContinued temperature rises could seriously disrupt the climate, they say. \u003cbr/\u003eAnnan sent a clear warning at the conference. \"Instead of being economically defensive let us start being more politically courageous. The Nairobi conference must send a clear signal,\" he said. \u003cbr/\u003eHis warning comes as many parts of the World saw the effects of climate change. \u003cbr/\u003eThe region of East Africa illustrated the dramatic effects. Scientists insist that the ice on top of Mt. Kilimanjaro in Kenya is melting. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 82 per cent of the ice cap on top of Mount Kilimanjaro has been lost since 1912. By 2000, the fields had shrunk to 0.94 square miles. The AAAS's scientists predict that at the current rate of decrease, the entire glacier will disappear sometime before 2020 if the current trends in global warming continue. \u003cbr/\u003eAustralia has been suffering from below-average rainfall for the past several years. Unseasonably hot, dry winds and early wildfires swept across four southern and eastern states in October evaporating any hopes that a late spring rainfall might salvage Australia 's failing crops. \u003cbr/\u003eMuch of Australia 's farming and ranching belt in the south and southeast has been in the grip of a severe drought for up to five years. Many officials blame global warming, and some warn that land that has been fertile for hundreds of years may have an uncertain future. Riverina, the prosperous farming region of southern New South Wales and northern Victoria , makes up half of the nation's agricultural land. \u003cbr/\u003eThe region relies heavily on the water supplied by the river Murray , which starts its long journey in the Snowy Mountain range in the southeast of the continent. The Hume Dam marks the recognised beginning of the Murray River, which then flows through the states of Victoria , New South Wales and South Australia to Adelaide , where its mouth meets the Southern Ocean. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Hume Dam has now fallen to 12 per cent of its capacity, and holds 371,000 megalitres, the amount expected after the end of a hot summer, not the beginning. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Brazil , the destruction of the Amazonian rainforest has caused fears that an increase in greenhouse gases would lead to the eventual warming of our atmosphere. Scientists are concerned that global climate change threatens the survival of the forest as warmer temperatures could mean an increase in regional droughts. \u003cbr/\u003eCovering over 1.6 million square miles and home to many animals, the lush foliage of the Amazon plays an important role in helping to remove carbon dioxide - one of the main greenhouse gases - from the atmosphere. \u003cbr/\u003eThe destruction of these forests, largely through \"slash and burn\" agriculture to create land for beef and soy bean production, results in hundreds of million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, according to scientific estimates. Some experts estimates that as much as 20 percent of it has already been destroyed by development, logging and farming. \u003cbr/\u003eIn China , higher living standards for China 's 1.3 billion people is fuelling increased consumption of oil, gas and electricity. As it becomes more affluent, the consumption of fossil fuels in spiralling. \u003cbr/\u003eChina currently ranks second in the world - after the United States as a consumer of energy resources. \u003cbr/\u003eDespite having only 7% of the world's population, the US uses 20% of the its energy - one third of that is used in the construction and upkeep of buildings. \u003cbr/\u003eA British report on climate change said that fast-industrialising economies like India and China will have to control their greenhouse emissions if the earth is to be saved from a calamity on the scale of the World Wars and the Great Depression. The report by Sir Nicholas Stern, a senior government economist, said that unchecked global warming would devastate the world economy unless urgent action was taken. \u003cbr/\u003eIndia is already seeing signs of climate disruptions - monsoons are more erratic and there are perennial floods and droughts. \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eMount Kilimanjaro , Kenya - 2 November 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide sunset \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of Mount Kilimanjaro \u003cbr/\u003ePan river \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eNew South Wales , Australia - October 28, 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eVarious of dry Hume Dam with little water in the basin and dead trees \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eAmazon , Brazil - recent \u003cbr/\u003ePan down to technician taking measurements in forest \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eBeijing , China - FILE \u003cbr/\u003eWide of rural power station with smoke stacks \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eVarious \u003cbr/\u003eMumbai - 2 November, 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide shot of smoke rising from burning waste \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eNairobi , 15 November 2006 \u003cbr/\u003eWide shot of delegates in conference room \u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of delegates \u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English) UN Secretary General Kofi Annan: \u003cbr/\u003e\"There is still time for our societies to change course. 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