{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='CHINA: DEVELOPMENT' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c578d8eafeecae1706ec' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c578d8eafeecae1706ec' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nCHINA: DEVELOPMENT\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 6, 19991.   Medium shot people on tractor driving through grassland2.   Close shot dry plant on grasslandAPTN File - Dunhuang area, Gansu province, September 6, 19973.   Medium shot desert, camel caravanAPTN...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 6, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e1.   Medium shot people on tractor driving through grassland\u003cbr/\u003e2.   Close shot dry plant on grassland\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Dunhuang area, Gansu province, September 6, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e3.   Medium shot desert, camel caravan\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 4, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e4.   Close shot woman working in filed\u003cbr/\u003e5.   Medium shot women working in field\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Chongqing, Sichuan, April 3, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e6.   Medium shot street life\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN - Beijing, March 9, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e7.  Wide shot NPC meeting\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN - Beijing, March 5, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e8.  SOUNDBITE (Mandarin): Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 4, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e9.   Zoom in village\u003cbr/\u003e10. Medium shot sheep, man walking\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Dali, Sichuan, April 4, 1995\u003cbr/\u003e11. Tilt down street life\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Shanghai,  January 25, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e12.  Wide shot sky scrapers\u003cbr/\u003e13.  Wide pan from Bund to Pudong\u003cbr/\u003e14.  Medium shot sky scrapers\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 6, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e15.  Medium shot people sitting at river\u003cbr/\u003e16.  Close shot people sitting\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File Beijing, late 1990s\u003cbr/\u003e17.  Pan left Beijing train station, migrants waiting\u003cbr/\u003e18.  Medium shot migrants waiting\u003cbr/\u003e19.  Medium shot pedicab in traffic\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Lhasa, Tibet, September 1996\u003cbr/\u003e20. Medium shot Tibetan women walking\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close shot Tibetan woman with prayer mill\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Qinghai, August 6, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e22. Wide shot grassland\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close shot dry plant\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN - Beijing, March 14, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e24. Medium shot Yukon Huang working at desk\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE (English): Yukon Huang, Director, China Program of the World Bank\u003cbr/\u003e26. Medium shot Yukon Huang explaining China map\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close shot hand on map\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN - Hong Kong, March 9, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE: (English) Michael DeGolyer, Hong Kong Baptist University\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File -  Tibet, Lhasa to Qinghai road, June 15, 1996\u003cbr/\u003e29. Zoom out men with shovels\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Houma, Shanxi, October 29, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close shot of oven in steel factory\u003cbr/\u003e31. Medium shot workers at oven\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close shot worker's face\u003cbr/\u003e33. Wide shot of ASIMCO factory hall, interior\u003cbr/\u003e34. Close shot tank\u003cbr/\u003e35. Wide shot worker with crane\u003cbr/\u003e36. Close shot worker welding\u003cbr/\u003e37. Medium shot bus leaving\u003cbr/\u003eAPTN File - Three Gorges, Sichuan,  August 1999\u003cbr/\u003e38. Wide shot construction site\u003cbr/\u003e39. Wide shot construction site\u003cbr/\u003e39. Zoom out boat, dam construction\u003cbr/\u003eThe Chinese government has announced plans to modernise parts of underdeveloped Western China.\u003cbr/\u003eThey're  worried about the threat of  social unrest and despite vast investment, have floundered due to bureaucratic misjudgement and corruption.\u003cbr/\u003eHigh windswept grasslands, baking deserts, and rugged hillsides dominate the harsh landscape of China's western provinces.\u003cbr/\u003eThese areas are home to the bulk of China's poorest people.\u003cbr/\u003eFar from the port cities and prosperous neighbourhoods of the coastal regions, these towns and remote farming communities have been bypassed by the economic growth taking place in other parts of the country.\u003cbr/\u003eBut now the Communist Party has launched a drive to develop the West.\u003cbr/\u003eThe policy is driven by fears that the widening gap between China's relatively prosperous East and the poverty stricken West could spark social and political turmoil.\u003cbr/\u003eThe new plan was the highlight of the Communist Party's annual National Party Congress.\u003cbr/\u003eHere, plans were unveiled to invest hundreds of (b) billions of U-S dollars into infrastructure projects.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (Mandarin):\u003cbr/\u003e\"The large-scale development strategy to speed up development of the central and western regions of the country is a major policy decision made by the CPC Central Committee for the new century in accordance with Deng Xiaoping's strategy for China's modernisation drive, which encompasses the development both of the coastal areas and the interior.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Zhu Rongji, Chinese Premier\u003cbr/\u003eThe west accounts for two-thirds of its land, but most is barren.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd with almost a quarter of its people living here, they are in a constant struggle for existence on farms and in urban centres.\u003cbr/\u003eThe contrast with the fast developing East is unmatched.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Pudong, Shanghai's new manufacturing and financial centre, glass and steel skyscrapers are everywhere.\u003cbr/\u003eOver a decade ago, the same land was home to old warehouses and rice fields.\u003cbr/\u003eAnother major change is the rapidly growing income gap between the east and west, which is shattering the forced uniformity of the Communist era and engendering huge social resentment.\u003cbr/\u003eWith the average income in Shanghai being 12 times higher than China's poorest province of Guizhou, more and more people are moving to more prosperous cities.\u003cbr/\u003eAn estimated 45 (m) million come seasonally in the hopes of finding employment.\u003cbr/\u003eStill, nine out of 10 of China's poorest remain in the west; many of them members of restive minorities, such as Tibetans and Muslim Uighurs in Xinjiang.\u003cbr/\u003eExcessive logging and intensive farming have wreaked environmental havoc.\u003cbr/\u003eNow, after twenty years of reform, Beijing is now looking seriously at the West.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (English):\u003cbr/\u003e\"It basically sees a problem of inequality. The government has been concentrating in the last two decades on the eastern provinces, very, very successfully. In some ways the western provinces have been neglected.  There's a question of political cohesion. China realizes that these border\u003cbr/\u003eareas, for them to be prosperous is a critical ingredient to maintain national cohesion. And there's a question of environmental degradation. The western provinces have their own problems.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Yukon Huang, Director of China Program, World Bank\u003cbr/\u003eBut there are questions over the viability of a huge investment drive in China's poor western provinces.\u003cbr/\u003eSome observers believe Beijing cannot afford to spend vast sums in the interior.\u003cbr/\u003eForeign investment has slowed, and the problem of dealing with the industrial legacy of state planning has not yet been solved.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (English):\u003cbr/\u003e\"What's most dangerous for this plan is that these investments are being made on borrowed money. China is already losing a great deal of money through the state-owned enterprises and they're having a tough time reforming that particularly since it looks like they need to make political reforms in order to achieve real economic results, and they' re refusing to make political reforms.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Michael DeGolyer, Hong Kong Baptist University\u003cbr/\u003eThis is not the first time the Communist party has made plans to develop the interior.\u003cbr/\u003eThe programme has been greeted with scepticism by many experts who are all too \u003cbr/\u003efamiliar with the Communist Party's record of pouring money into 'white elephants'.\u003cbr/\u003eDuring the 1950's, (m) millions of prisoners and demobilised troops in penal colonies in Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet  helped to build roads, railways, mines and farms in the newly conquered territories.\u003cbr/\u003eThe biggest drive was the Third Front launched in the 1960's,  which nearly caused the economy to go bankrupt.\u003cbr/\u003eFearing a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union, Communist Party boss Mao Zedong  moved twenty (m) million people and factories from the coast to build hundreds of giant military and industrial projects in inaccessible mountain valleys.\u003cbr/\u003eToday,  these hopelessly outdated and unprofitable factories are a huge burden on the western provinces.\u003cbr/\u003eThis tank is a legacy of the last time Beijing tried to make the poor western provinces blossom.\u003cbr/\u003eThe survival of this former factory in Shanxi was due only to the intervention of U-S investment company Asimco.\u003cbr/\u003eIt now produces engine parts.\u003cbr/\u003eBut many fear that the huge government investment drive will be seen as a  chance for corrupt officials to enrich themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eThe biggest case is the controversial Three Gorges Dam in the western province of Sichuan.\u003cbr/\u003eHere, central authorities are trying to root out officials who have funds for the resettlement of nearly two (m) million people.\u003cbr/\u003eWestern China is already full of such projects, which have raked in huge amount of foreign loans with no apparent benefit to the people living there.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator 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class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003etransportation, north america, east asia, mao zedong, asia, canada, business, money, beijing, civil engineering, tibet, china\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow 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