{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Deadly infections caused by unregulated donated tissue transplants cause concern in the US' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c578d8eafeecae1706e8' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c578d8eafeecae1706e8' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nDeadly infections caused by unregulated donated tissue transplants cause concern in the US\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eFile - Washington, DC1. Tilt down from light during surgical procedure to surgeons performing procedure 2. Various shots of surgery3. Wide shot of surgical procedureMinnesota - 10 May 20064. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steve Lykins, Father of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eFile - Washington, DC\u003cbr/\u003e1. Tilt down from light during surgical procedure to surgeons performing procedure \u003cbr/\u003e2. Various shots of surgery\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide shot of surgical procedure\u003cbr/\u003eMinnesota - 10 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steve Lykins, Father of Tissue Transplant Victim \u003cbr/\u003e\"Brian died in four days after an operation.  He was a healthy 23-yr-old boy who went in for just a routine surgery and the bacteria that they put into him with this tissue literally killed him in four days.\"\u003cbr/\u003eChicago, Illinois - 11 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e5. Surgery being performed behind closed doors \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close shot through closed doors of surgeons performing operation \u003cbr/\u003e7. Close shot of IV bags\u003cbr/\u003eAtlanta, Georgia - May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e8. Exterior shots of Cryolife tissue bank\u003cbr/\u003eMinnesota - 10 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steve Lykins, Father of Tissue Transplant Victim \u003cbr/\u003e\"What we found was that, none of the things that they did, there were no rules governing it.  At that time, we could have opened a tissue bank in your garage and hired the neighbourhood kids to harvest the tissue and that would have been perfectly okay.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Still photo of Brian Lynkins\u003cbr/\u003eChicago, Illinois  - 19 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e11. Push into shot of coffin sitting in funeral home \u003cbr/\u003e12. Another shot of coffin\u003cbr/\u003eChicago, Illinois  - 11 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e13. \"OR\" (operating room) sign above room \u003cbr/\u003e14. Close shot of surgeons, shot through door \u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steve Lykins, Father of Tissue Transplant Victim \u003cbr/\u003e\"The potential risk of contaminated tissue is just unbelievable. If it is not handled right, if it is not processed right, the kind of bacteria and disease that can get into this tissue is really, really scary.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSan Francisco, California  - 12 May 2006 \u003cbr/\u003e16. Shots of donated tissue being cleaned and prepared \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close shot of freeze dried bone being processed \u003cbr/\u003e18. Box of tissue reading \"Keep at -60 degrees C\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Person opening up box\u003cbr/\u003eRockville, Maryland  - 24 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e20. Exterior shots of the US Food and Drug Administration\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, DC  - 18 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide shot of Congressman Frank Pallone in his office during interview \u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Frank Pallone Democratic Congressman \u003cbr/\u003e\"I don't think there's much protection because there really isn't much government involvement. I do think it's a crisis. There's sufficient enough cases out there of stolen body parts and body parts that were diseased, that it's of crisis proportions and needs to be addressed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSan Francisco, California  - 12 May 2006 \u003cbr/\u003e23. Shots of donated tissue being processed at a tissue bank\u003cbr/\u003eRockville, Maryland  - 24 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide shot of FDA headquarters, push into tighter shot \u003cbr/\u003e25. Sign outside FDA building\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, DC  - 22 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e26. Areta Kupchyk walking down hall\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Areta Kupchyk, Former FDA Lawyer\u003cbr/\u003e \"Many, many, many banks across the country, many organisations and businesses and establishments that deal in this industry are complying.  So I think that it's much, much safer than it was before. Is it enough? I think that's too early to tell.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSan Francisco, California  - 12 May 2006 \u003cbr/\u003e28. Bag of frozen tissue being placed into a freezer at a tissue bank \u003cbr/\u003e29. Shots of freeze dried bone being packaged \u003cbr/\u003e30. Wide shot of James Forsell at his desk during interview \u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE: (English) James Forsell, President, American Association of Tissue Banks \u003cbr/\u003e\"We do not have badges, we are not criminal investigators, we are in medicine. This is not our expertise.  But yet, we're obligated to see if there are things that can be done.\"\u003cbr/\u003eChicago, Illinois  - 11 May 2006\u003cbr/\u003e32. Various shots of surgery being performed, shot through glass window\u003cbr/\u003eEach year in the United States, more than one million people have surgeries that require tissue transplants.\u003cbr/\u003eThe vast majority are operations that use tissue from donated dead bodies.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's become so routine, most recipients don't give the donated tissue a lot of thought.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut as Steve Lykins learned in a horrifying way, they should.  \u003cbr/\u003eSteve Lykins' 23-year-old son Brian died just days after a routine knee operation.\u003cbr/\u003eBrian's doctors attempted to fix his knee with cartilage from a cadaver, but that was infected with bacteria which caused infection resulting in Brian's untimely death. \u003cbr/\u003eAn investigation into Brian's death discovered the cartilage used came from a body that sat unrefrigerated for 19 hours.\u003cbr/\u003eThat cartilage was rejected by two tissue banks before a third one - Georgia-based Cryolife - accepted it.\u003cbr/\u003eIt wasn't treated to destroy the bacteria that would eventually kill the 23-year-old Minnesota student.\u003cbr/\u003eNone of this broke a single US federal law.\u003cbr/\u003eLykins says the rules surrounding tissue transplant needed further tightening to prevent more unnecessary deaths. \u003cbr/\u003eas a result of bad practice by some in the billion-dollar body parts business and lack of government regulation.\u003cbr/\u003eThe industry has drawn attention because of a recent scandal in which a New Jersey company was illegally scavenging corpses - without families' permission - to sell potentially risky tissue.\u003cbr/\u003eAt least a dozen people who had routine operations claim they caught deadly viruses and other germs from body parts stolen from corpses in a ghoulish scandal that has sent hundreds of people for tests. \u003cbr/\u003eThe patients tested positive for germs that cause AIDS, hepatitis or syphilis after receiving tissue transplants, according to their lawyers and court records.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut apart from this scheme, thousands of Americans are put at risk every day by legitimate tissue suppliers and the way these tissues are used.  \u003cbr/\u003eHIV, hepatitis, rabies, deadly bacteria - all among the infections that have stricken some tissue recipients in the past 15 years.\u003cbr/\u003eDespite the bad publicity many experts say most tissue transplants involve reputable companies and do a lot of good. \u003cbr/\u003eAthletes, people who've lost eyesight, children born with bad hearts -- all are among the millions who have been helped.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut when things go wrong, the consequences are horrific.\u003cbr/\u003eAn investigation by the Associated Press found problems ranging from inadequate testing for bacteria and germs to lack of a unified system for tracking tissues as they travel from donor to recipient. \u003cbr/\u003eThe US Food and Drug Administration is charged with ensuring tissue safety. \u003cbr/\u003eBut critics say, regulatory efforts by the F-D-A are lax at best.\u003cbr/\u003eWhen asked by the AP, the agency couldn't answer how many tissue businesses operate within the United States.\u003cbr/\u003eIt could, however, cite the amount of money spent on tissue regulation: five-point-four million US dollars a year -- less than two days' revenue for the tissue industry.\u003cbr/\u003eNew Jersey Congressman Frank Pallone has co-authored a bill in the House of Representatives to demand tougher standards for the tissue business.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says it's a crisis that needs to be addressed. \u003cbr/\u003eThe F-D-A contends it has taken steps to make the industry safer.\u003cbr/\u003eLast summer, as part of a long-promised industry overhaul, the agency enacted new rules for handling and storing tissue.\u003cbr/\u003eBut critics say those rules fall far short of providing the level of oversight needed, and the potential danger is growing. \u003cbr/\u003eThe number of tissues distributed for transplantation rose from 350-thousand in 1990 to a whopping 1.3 million in 2003.  \u003cbr/\u003eWhile business is booming, inspections of these operations by the F-D-A have actually decreased in the past couple of years.\u003cbr/\u003eThe F-D-A refused to speak on camera for this story.  But in a phone interview with the Associated Press, an agency official said as a result of the new 2005 rules, \"the regulatory requirements are now very stringent.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFormer F-D-A lawyer Areta Kupchyk says she wouldn't go that far.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut she explains, the tissue industry is still relatively new...and growing.  \u003cbr/\u003eShe says the F-D-A - while slow - is on the right track. \u003cbr/\u003eAn industry trade group - the American Association of Tissue Banks - has issued it's own voluntary guidelines. \u003cbr/\u003eThe group performs inspections and requires its members to follow high standards.\u003cbr/\u003eBut Association President James Forsell says, without the F-D-A doing the same, hospitals and doctors can still buy from unaccredited suppliers that skirt the rules and offer tissue quicker and cheaper.\u003cbr/\u003eSteve Lykins says asking tough questions is a patient's best defence.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says any patient needing surgery in the US 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