{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Focus on the growing threat of West Nile virus in the US' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c568d8eafeecae16fff6' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c568d8eafeecae16fff6' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nFocus on the growing threat of West Nile virus in the US\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBaltimore, Maryland - 31 July, 20011. Mid view Shone taking photograph of muddy pond2. Extreme close-up of mosquito larva3. Mid view of Shone going to trap4. Close-up of mosquitos in trap6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Scott Shone, Mosquito...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBaltimore, Maryland - 31 July, 2001\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid view Shone taking photograph of muddy pond\u003cbr/\u003e2. Extreme close-up of mosquito larva\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid view of Shone going to trap\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close-up of mosquitos in trap\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Scott Shone, Mosquito Hunter \"The virus that we see here, that we saw in the 1999 outbreak in New York City was 99.8 per cent identical to a strain found in Israel, in the Middle East.  So it is thought that it might have come in from the Middle East. As far as how, I think the prevailing thought it that it might have been an infected bird, some mosquitos came in maybe on a plane, a ship, something like that through New York City, which is where the outbreak began.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Map of Baltimore showing where dead birds have tested positive for West Nile Virus\u003cbr/\u003e8. View of neighbourhood street\u003cbr/\u003e9. Various views Shone checking trap at side of house\u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid view Shone speaking to resident\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jim Youngblood, Resident \"We do have some elderly people who live in the neighbourhood who have some health problems.  I know after reading about it, about what is going on up in New York, it is usually the elderly, someone whose immune system is down a little bit.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnnapolis, Maryland - 1 August , 2001\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid view of lab\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close-up tray of mosquitos\u003cbr/\u003e14. Extreme close-up of mosquito\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Cy Lesser, Chief Mosquito Control Section, Maryland Department of Agriculture \"We're somewhat fortunate with West Nile Virus in two ways. One, it is a fairly mild disease and generally is not going have serious health impacts on healthy humans and, number two, we have a very good indicator that it is present in the area in the wild bird populations, that wild birds, particularly crows and jays are quite susceptible to the lethal affects of the virus and those birds are both readily found by the public if they die.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBaltimore Maryland - 31 July 2001 \u003cbr/\u003e16. Close-up mosquitos being taken out of cooler\u003cbr/\u003e17. Various views, brain being taken out of dead crow's skull \u003cbr/\u003e18. Pan view of laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Robert Myers, Chief of the Division of Molecular Biology, Maryland Department of Health \"West Nile has been a good wake-up call, its bought new technology into our laboratory.  Its gotten people, I guess, tuned into the potential I guess of arbo-viruses having a detrimental impact on public health. The world is a small place, it is possible that other mosquito borne viruses from tropical climates for example could be introduced into North America through trade or shipping or something like that and now we hopefully have the capacity to respond to those types of potential threats better.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnnapolis, Maryland 1 August , 2001\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close-up of mosquitos in petri dish\u003cbr/\u003eIt was first spotted in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, when 59 people were hospitalized and seven died - now just two years later the West Nile Virus is found along the eastern seaboard of the United States and spreading at an alarming pace.\u003cbr/\u003eThe mosquito-borne virus caught scientists and medical authorities by surprise, initially causing panic.\u003cbr/\u003eAlthough deadly to the elderly, young or those with impaired immune systems, the West Nile Virus for the majority of the human population has more of a nuisance value.\u003cbr/\u003eBut scientists are warning that the chances of another exotic virus moving to the United States are quite high, and the next one could be much more devastating.\u003cbr/\u003eScott Shone is a mosquito hunter - specifically he is chasing members of the 14 mosquito species that are known to possibly carry West Nile Virus.\u003cbr/\u003eMosquitos can carry the virus from birds to humans and other animals.\u003cbr/\u003eHe is hunting his quarry in the epicentre of the 2001 outbreak of the virus: the Maryland city of Baltimore.\u003cbr/\u003eMaryland leads the nation in the number of birds testing positive for the virus this year, with more than eighty birds testing positive in north-east Baltimore alone.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd where birds are dying there is an assumption that people might be at risk too.\u003cbr/\u003eShone's searches range from parkland, urban wilderness to residential back yards.\u003cbr/\u003eWith his traps he can sample the mosquitos that carry the West Nile Virus and track the movement of the virus.\u003cbr/\u003eResidents of Clifton Park are worried that they will be next.  There are both young and elderly people living in the area.\u003cbr/\u003eA park in the neighborhood used to be dominated by a large crow population - now they are all gone.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter being collected in traps, the mosquitos are sent to a Department of Agriculture laboratory in Annapolis for sorting.\u003cbr/\u003eWorking with both other states and the Federal government, these researchers are looking at areas that have a high density to determine the relative population size of the mosquitos and their species type.\u003cbr/\u003eMaryland's Chief Mosquito control officer, Cy Lesser, agrees that his team was caught by surprise when they discovered in May that the virus had wintered in the area and had to intensify their detection efforts. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter being sorted into species, the trapped mosquitos are sent to Maryland's State Health Laboratories where they are further analyzed to see if they are carrying West Nile Virus or other viruses that could impact other health.\u003cbr/\u003eThe labs test both mosquitos and dead birds for the presence of the virus.\u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers take a portion of the brain from the bird, or in the case of the mosquitos the whole body and create a homogenate sample with a buffer solution and put through a centrifuge.\u003cbr/\u003eThis enables them to extract any genetic material present from viruses and then run it through an electronic scanning device to test for type.\u003cbr/\u003eLast year, 21 human West Nile cases were reported, two of them fatal, according to the U-S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003cbr/\u003eAnd, although there have been no human cases reported in Maryland, there have now been three confirmed cases in the U-S - two in Florida and a new case last week in Staten Island.\u003cbr/\u003eBut Dr Myers believes that the spread of West Nile Virus to North America was a timely reminder for states and the federal government to sharpen their skills in detecting new viruses, 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