{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Growing crops for biofuels while trying to protect local economies' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c54ed8eafeecae16f3f4' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c54ed8eafeecae16f3f4' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nGrowing crops for biofuels while trying to protect local economies\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBilene - May 2008 1. Pan Bilene beach2. Pan jatropha plantation3. Jatropha tree4. Aubrey Dunn watches tractor5. Tractor at work6. SOUNDBITE (English): Mr Aubrey Dunn, Farm Project Manager:'We're right up against the Indian Ocean in the...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBilene - May 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Pan Bilene beach\u003cbr/\u003e2. Pan jatropha plantation\u003cbr/\u003e3. Jatropha tree\u003cbr/\u003e4. Aubrey Dunn watches tractor\u003cbr/\u003e5. Tractor at work\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English): Mr Aubrey Dunn, Farm Project Manager:\u003cbr/\u003e'We're right up against the Indian Ocean in the southern part of Mozambique, Gaza province. And you can see the ground, it's very, very sandy, it's very low in organic matter.'\u003cbr/\u003e7. Sand cutaway\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English): Mr Aubrey Dunn, Farm Project Manager:\u003cbr/\u003e'And also this soil here is very high in salt, being so close to the sea. So it's not suitable for any other fruit crops because not many crops can handle the high salinity in the ground. And Jatropha can handle relatively high salinity. And that's why we're here, and that's why we say it's marginal ground.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Jatropha nursery\u003cbr/\u003e10. Pan jatropha plantation\u003cbr/\u003e11. Cynthia Olivier examines plant\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up oil seed fruit \u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE (English): Cynthia Olivier, Nursery Manager:\u003cbr/\u003e'The fruit itself colour. They go from a yellow to a brown colour. Then when the fruit is the yellow brownish colour, then you reap your fruit. And then you take out your seeds, and this is what you actually going to press and get oil from.\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close up oil seeds\u003cbr/\u003e15. Deulco tractors\u003cbr/\u003e16. Land to be cultivated\u003cbr/\u003e17. Bilene inhabitants walk to their plots of land\u003cbr/\u003e18. Pineapples and groundnuts grow on marginal land\u003cbr/\u003e19. Deulco farmworkers working \u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese): Arao Salvador Cumbe, Bilene Local Government Administrator:\u003cbr/\u003e'As you can imagine 1000 hectares - the first area under development - is very large. And some people were farming parts of this land. But following negotiations between government, the project and the community, all issues were solved. And if you balance out the gains and the losses, you can see that the gains are more than the losses. So it is a positive relationship.'\u003cbr/\u003e21. Ndjeve Community leaders \u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (Shangaan): Domingos Fabiao Costa, Ndjeve Community Leader:\u003cbr/\u003e'When the land was taken, it was replaced with a number of other things. We have also been given assistance with preparing the land we were given in compensation.'\u003cbr/\u003e23. Deulco workers\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE (English): Filipe Pequenino, Right to Food coordinator, Actionaid:\u003cbr/\u003e'Up to now maybe we can say that the real conflicts related to biofuels maybe are not visible, at this stage. But we can just have a slight picture on what is happening with land conflict, because we have these kind of problems - on conflict related to land. First of all we have to consider that 80% of people who produce the food in Mozambique are small-scale farmers. \u003cbr/\u003e25. Jatropha plantation\u003cbr/\u003e26. Various Ndjeve community singing\u003cbr/\u003eAs fossil fuel prices continue to escalate, so alternative energy sources are being sought.\u003cbr/\u003eBiofuel has become the main alternative to fossil fuels to feed the world's growing energy needs.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the use of food crops for biofuel production is becoming increasingly contentious.\u003cbr/\u003eNow a non-food crop is being grown on marginal land in southern Africa could offer a more sustainable biofuel production alternative.\u003cbr/\u003eJust inland from the southern Mozambican beach resort of Bilene lies the newly established Deulco Jatropha plantation.\u003cbr/\u003e60,000 hectares are being cleared of bush to make way for Jatropha, a hardy plant that produces oil seeds used for bio-diesel production.\u003cbr/\u003eA commercial farmer, Aubrey Dunn, who is originally from Zimbabwe, is one of the project managers for the South African firm Deulco, which works in partnership with Canadian Company, Energem Resources. \u003cbr/\u003eDunn says the ground being prepared for Jatropha is marginal land.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter two months of being nurtured in the nursery, the young Jatropha are planted in the prepared ground.\u003cbr/\u003eThe company is working at planting 300 hectares a month of Jatropha, and the tree take about two years to reach maturity.\u003cbr/\u003eOne year after planting the first batch of Jatropha trees, the first oil seed fruit are visible.\u003cbr/\u003eNursery Manager, Cynthia Olivier, explains when the fruit is the yellow brownish colour, then it can be harvested and the seeds removed.\u003cbr/\u003eAt this early stage of development, the Deulco-Energem partnership will export oil seeds for processing.\u003cbr/\u003eThe company would like to process the biodiesel themselves once they reach the required critical mass.\u003cbr/\u003eAs Jatropha can be grown on marginal land, which is not suitable for other crops, this means that here in Mozambique there is no conflict between land for food and land for biofuel. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, while this area is characterised by poor quality soil, locals have been using parts of the 60,000 hectares leased by the government to the Deulco-Energem project, for subsistence farming.\u003cbr/\u003eLocals were growing produce such as groundnuts, cassava and pineapples.\u003cbr/\u003eThese people were offered compensation in the form of other land to use for agriculture, and some gained employment with the new development. \u003cbr/\u003eArao Salvador Cumbe the Bilene Local Government Administrator explains that it has been a fine balance allowing the development in the area.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says if you balance out the gains and the losses, you can see that the gains are more than the losses\u003cbr/\u003eNdjeve Community Leader, Domingos Fabio Costa, is pleased with the development because Deulco-Energem will be building a school and clinic.\u003cbr/\u003eIn addition, community members have received employment, and they were compensated for the land taken, with other land. \u003cbr/\u003eBut while community leader Costa may be satisfied with the compensation for loss of land, NGO Right to Food coordinator with Actionaid in Mozambique, Filipe Pequenino, is concerned that the value of subsistence farmers in Mozambique is being underestimated.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a world whose energy needs are eclipsing its traditional fossil fuel reserves, projects like Jatropha biodiesel production may offer a new, more sustainable energy source.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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