{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='International law expert explains legal challenges faced in taking military action in Syria' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c54cd8eafeecae16f31c' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c54cd8eafeecae16f31c' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nInternational law expert explains legal challenges faced in taking military action in Syria\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eA senior UK lawyer said on Wednesday that the international community can legally undertake military action in Syria, according to the \"Responsibility to Protect\" principle, to ensure atrocities are not repeated in the future. \"If there...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eA senior UK lawyer said on Wednesday that the international community can legally undertake military action in Syria, according to the \"Responsibility to Protect\" principle, to ensure atrocities are not repeated in the future. \u003cbr/\u003e\"If there is clear and convincing evidence that the atrocities have taken place and are convincing, then it is necessary for countries to take all legal and peaceful steps to ensure they are stopped, such as diplomacy or sanctions,\" said Michael Caplan QC, a partner at the Kingsley Napley law firm in London.\u003cbr/\u003e\"If all those fail, then according to this principle, military action can be taken to ensure the atrocities are not repeated,\" he added. \u003cbr/\u003eThe comments follow allegations of a chemical attack against civilians in an opposition-held area near the capital, Damascus, last week.\u003cbr/\u003eThe United States and its allies, who appear to be moving towards a military strike, assert that Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime was responsible for the attack on 21 August. \u003cbr/\u003eSyria has denied this and challenged Washington to present proof to back up its accusations.  \u003cbr/\u003eUN inspectors, who are currently in Syria, have not endorsed the allegations and Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has appealed for a diplomatic solution to the crisis.\u003cbr/\u003eThe UN's envoy to Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi, said on Wednesday that evidence suggested some kind of \"substance\" was used in the alleged attack.\u003cbr/\u003eSyria sits on one of the world's largest stockpiles of chemical weapons.\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are various protocols which do prevent chemical weapons itself, but I think what we've got to look at is whether they do mean that there has been crimes against humanity or war crimes against the population, if indeed those are the facts,\" said Caplan.\u003cbr/\u003eBritain said it will put forward a resolution to the UN Security Council on Wednesday to condemn the Syrian government for the alleged attack, which the group 'Doctors Without Borders' said killed 355 people.\u003cbr/\u003ePrime Minister David Cameron's office said Britain would seek backing for \"necessary measures to protect civilians\" in Syria under Chapter 7 of the UN charter. Military force is one of the options that can be authorised under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter.\u003cbr/\u003eAny language that could be read as paving the way for military strikes is likely to face veto by Damascus allies Russia and China.\u003cbr/\u003e\"There is a procedure in the United Nations whereby when it is deadlocked it can be referred to General Assembly for consideration under resolution 377. It has happened about 10 times in the past, but that would be open, potentially, and I think that should be explored as well,\" said Caplan.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Geneva, UN's special envoy Brahimi added that any military strike must have UN Security Council approval.\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Michael Caplan QC (Queen's Counsel) and partner at law firm Kingsley Napley reading papers in  \u003cbr/\u003e2. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"In Kosovo there wasn't a United Nations backing from the Security Council and the action was taken on the basis that it was necessary to avert a humanitarian catastrophe. International law has moved forward since then and there is a principle which has evolved, but it's not universally accepted, known as the 'Responsibility to Protect', and that has three basic principles.\"\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of Caplan's hands \u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The first is that all countries have responsibility to ensure that its population is not subjected to crimes of atrocities, such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. And that the international community itself has a responsibility to ensure that does not take place. The second principle is that if there is clear and convincing evidence that the atrocities have taken place and are convincing, then it is necessary for countries to take all legal and peaceful steps to ensure they are stopped, such as diplomacy or sanctions. Now if all those fail, then according to this principle, military action can be taken to ensure the atrocities are not repeated.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of Caplan \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There is a procedure in the United Nations whereby when it is deadlocked it can be referred to General Assembly for consideration under resolution 377. It has happened about 10 times in the past, but that would be open, potentially, and I think that should be explored as well.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of Caplan working  \u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are various protocols which do prevent chemical weapons itself, but I think what we've got to look at is whether they do mean that there has been crimes against humanity or war crimes against the population, if indeed those are the facts.\"\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of Caplan's hand as he makes notes \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If there is evidence that individuals have been responsible for war crimes, or crimes against humanity as they're categorised, then there is the possibility that after the event, and if they were to leave Syria for example, then they could be tried for grave breaches of the Geneva Convention.\" \u003cbr/\u003e11. Close of Caplan\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Caplan QC, Partner at law firm Kingsley Napley: ++INCLUDES CUTAWAY OF HANDS++\u003cbr/\u003e\"There's also the International Criminal Court - which has been in existence now for a decade or so and there is the possibility of a referral to the court. Now Syria are not signatories to the ICC but it is open to the United Nations as they did in fact with Libya, to refer the Syrian situation to the ICC for carrying out an examination of what took place.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. 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