{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Report on spread of West Nile Virus from the USA into Central and South America' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c4e6d8eafeecae16c252' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c4e6d8eafeecae16c252' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nReport on spread of West Nile Virus from the USA into Central and South America\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBaltimore, Maryland, 31 July, 20011. Close-up of mosquito hunter walking through leaves2. Mid view of Shone checking trap3. Close-up of Shone carrying trap to car4. Mid view Shone taking photograph of muddy pond5. Extreme close-up of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBaltimore, Maryland, 31 July, 2001\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close-up of mosquito hunter walking through leaves\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid view of Shone checking trap\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close-up of Shone carrying trap to car\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid view Shone taking photograph of muddy pond\u003cbr/\u003e5. Extreme close-up of mosquito larva\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Scott Shone, Mosquito hunter. \"The virus that we see here, that we saw in the 1999 outbreak in New York City was 99.8 percent identical to a strain found in Israel, in the middle east.  So it is thought that it might have come in from the Middle East as far as how, I think the prevailing thought it that it might have been an infected bird, some mosquitos came in maybe on a plane, a ship, something like that through New York City, which is where the outbreak began.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close-up of trapped mosquitos\u003cbr/\u003e8. Pan of mosquitos being put in cooler\u003cbr/\u003eAnnapolis, Maryland 1 August , 2001\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close-up scientist looking through microscope\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close-up tray of mosquitos\u003cbr/\u003e11. Extreme close-up of mosquito\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Cy Lesser, Chief Mosquito Control Section, Maryland Department of Agriculture. \" We're somewhat fortunate with West Nile Virus in 2 ways. One it is a fairly mild disease and generally is not going have serious health impacts on healthy humans and number two we have a very good indicator that it is present in the area in the wild bird populations, that wild birds, particularly crows and jays are quite susceptible to the lethal affects of the virus and those birds are both readily found by the public if they die.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBaltimore Maryland 31 July 2001 \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close-up mosquitos being taken out of cooler\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various views, brain being taken out of dead crow's skull \u003cbr/\u003e15. Pan view of laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close-up of testing for virus\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Robert Myers, Chief of the Division of Molecular Biology, Maryland Department of Health.  \"West Nile has been a good wake-up call, its bought new technology into our laboratory.  Its gotten people tuned into the potential I guess of arbo-viruses having a detrimental impact on public health.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnnapolis, Maryland 1 August , 2001\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close-up of mosquitos in petri dish\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Cy Lesser, Chief Mosquito Control Section, Maryland Department of Agriculture. \"Reflective of many things, there is a much higher standard of living, certainly in the U-S than there is in parts of Mexico.  People can stay indoors away from mosquito bites, plus there is a much better infrastructure for controlling mosquitos and making people aware of how to avoid mosquito bites in the U-S as compared to Mexico.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Mid view of Lesser with reporter\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English) Cy Lesser, Chief Mosquito Control Section, Maryland Department of Agriculture. \" If you look at bird migration patterns, many of the birds summer and breed in the U.S. - essentially Northern U.S. - their migration takes them to Central and South America for the winter and it does seem that this virus does move with the bird populations ... it is probably likely birds will carry it to Central and South America eventually.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close-up mosquito on researcher's arm\u003cbr/\u003eIt was first spotted in the Western Hemisphere in 1999, when 59 people were hospitalized and seven died - now just two years later the West Nile Virus is found along the eastern seaboard of the United States and spreading at an alarming pace.\u003cbr/\u003eThe mosquito-borne virus caught scientists and medical authorities by surprise, initially causing panic.\u003cbr/\u003eAlthough deadly to the elderly, young or those with impaired immune systems, the West Nile Virus for the majority of the human population has more of a nuisance value.\u003cbr/\u003eBut there are concerns that when the virus moves south of the U-S border it will have a far broader impact on the people living there.\u003cbr/\u003eScott Shone is a mosquito hunter - specifically he is chasing members of the 14 mosquito species that are known to possibly carry West Nile Virus.\u003cbr/\u003eMosquitos can carry the virus from birds to humans and other animals.\u003cbr/\u003eHe is hunting his quarry in the epicentre of the 2001 outbreak of the virus ... the Maryland city of Baltimore.\u003cbr/\u003eMaryland leads the nation in the number of birds testing positive for the virus this year, with more than eighty birds testing positive in north-east Baltimore alone.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd where birds are dying there is an assumption that people might be at risk too.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter being collected in traps, the mosquitos are sent to a Department of Agriculture laboratory in Annapolis for sorting.\u003cbr/\u003eWorking with both other states and the Federal government, these researchers are looking at areas that have a high density to determine the relative population size of the mosquitos and species of the mosquitos.\u003cbr/\u003eMaryland's Chief Mosquito control l officer, Cy Lesser, agrees that his team was caught by surprise when they discovered in May that the virus had wintered in the area and had to intensify their detection efforts. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter being sorted into species the trapped mosquitos are sent to Maryland's State Health Laboratories where they are further analyzed to see if they are carrying West Nile Virus or other viruses that could impact other health.\u003cbr/\u003eThe labs test both mosquitos and dead birds for the presence of the virus.\u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers take a portion of the brain from the bird, or in the case of the mosquitos the whole body and create a homogenate sample with a buffer solution and put through a centrifuge.\u003cbr/\u003eThis enables them to extract any genetic material present from viruses and then run it through an electronic scanning device to test for type.\u003cbr/\u003eDr Robert Myers, Chief of the Molecular Biology Division, Maryland State Health Department believes that the spread of West Nile Virus to North America was a timely reminder for states and the federal government to sharpen their skills in detecting new viruses ... especially with the emerging threat of biological terrorism.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd although there have been no human cases reported in Maryland there have now been three confirmed cases in the U.S. - two in Florida and a new case last week in Staten Island.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd there is a strong suspicion that the introduction of a new virus will be harder in regions with poorer living conditions in Central and South America.\u003cbr/\u003eFor example Dengue Fever, which is no longer a major health problem in North America, still affects a significant amount of people in Mexico.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd there appears to be little doubt that the West Nile Virus will continue its pattern of spreading west in northern America and south towards Central and South American countries. \u003cbr/\u003eLast year, 21 human West Nile cases were reported, two of them fatal, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex 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