{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A molecule has been found that could block the transmission of HIV ++REFEED++' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c4bed8eafeecae16aef6' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c4bed8eafeecae16aef6' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA molecule has been found that could block the transmission of HIV ++REFEED++\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eKhayalitsha township outside Cape Town, South Africa - recent 1. Wide shot Khayalitsha township outside Cape Town2. Mid shot Kunene Aunt Mashudu walking to beading centre (she is a HIV positive mother in the programme)3. Various shots of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eKhayalitsha township outside Cape Town, South Africa - recent \u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot Khayalitsha township outside Cape Town\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid shot Kunene Aunt Mashudu walking to beading centre (she is a HIV positive mother in the programme)\u003cbr/\u003e3. Various shots of Kunene walking to beading centre.\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide shot Kunene talking to other HIV women at the centre\u003cbr/\u003e5. Various of women at work beading\u003cbr/\u003eGeneva, Switzerland - recent \u003cbr/\u003e6. Various of Geneva University Hospital \u003cbr/\u003e7. Various of labs \u003cbr/\u003e8. Professor Robin Offord at the desk with the molecule representation on screen \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Robin Offord, Professor of microbiology \u003cbr/\u003e\"In order to infect a person, the virus has to get inside one cell of that person to begin with. And the way the virus does that, is to take hold of two handholds which exist on the outside of the targeted cell. And you might think of them as these two objects here. The virus you might say in a certain sense has one hand on here and one hand on there. Now it has to insert itself into the cell. It brings itself down onto the surface of the cell and is able then to merge into the cell and insert its deadly cargo inside that cell. And it will take over, and make many replicas of itself and begin the infection of the person. The substance we have discovered has the property of removing that and in fact making it go inside the cell and it's no longer available. So when the virus comes to infect, yes he can get hold of that, but there is nothing to get hold of here and it can never get in\". \u003cbr/\u003e10. Various of professor Oliver Hartley with molecule fluorescent representation while entering cells \u003cbr/\u003e11. Microscopic view of cells with molecule \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wooden model of a pretext molecule \u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Oliver Hartley, Professor of microbiology \u003cbr/\u003e\"The first molecule that we made which gave promising results in the monkeys was a kind of a hi-tech solution to the problem; it's a molecule which needed to be made in a chemistry lab on a machine like this. Our feeling is that a similar molecule that could be made more cheaply for example by fermentation would be much more cost effective, so our challenge has been to try to redesign the molecule so that it would be producible by fermentation technology.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide of hospital \u003cbr/\u003e15. Various of Geneva \u003cbr/\u003eKhayalitsha township outside Cape Town, South Africa - recent \u003cbr/\u003e16. Various of women being taught about HIV prevention \u003cbr/\u003eGeneva, Switzerland - recent \u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE : (English) Tim Farley, World Health Organisation (WHO) \u003cbr/\u003e\"well PSC-Rantes is one of a series of interesting new products which are coming forward to be tested as microcbytes and this one shows great promise. It is an extremely active agent and could be used much more easily than any of the other products that are being tested for microbicidal activity\" \u003cbr/\u003eKhayalitsha township outside Cape Town, South Africa - recent \u003cbr/\u003e18. Various shots of food being prepared at the centre to feed HIV mothers\u003cbr/\u003e19. Various of women eating \u003cbr/\u003eGeneva, Switzerland - recent \u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE : (English) Tim Farley, World Health Organisation (WHO) \u003cbr/\u003e\"well at the moment one of the main methods that we have for preventing HIV infection is the condom. ...but this requires the co-operation of the male partner and this is not always possible. Now one of the things that is particularly encouraging about microbicides are that these are products that could be used by the woman, they could be inserted and used before sex, and they don't necessarily require the co-operation of a male partner.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKenya - recent \u003cbr/\u003e21. People walking around township\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid of men seated \u003cbr/\u003e23. Various of woman with baby on her back walking \u003cbr/\u003eGeneva, Switzerland  \u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE : (English) Tim Farley, World Health Organisation (WHO) \u003cbr/\u003e\"there is resistance in many many cultures to using condoms ... One of the big problems with HIV prevention is even if we have managed to promote condom use systemically in situations of high risk sex ... with commercial sex workers or massage parlours, that using condoms within the marriage is actually very very difficult and here we have a great potential of microbicide that can protect ordinary women who are not themselves have multiple partners but to protect them from any partners that their husband has had.\" \u003cbr/\u003eKenya - recent \u003cbr/\u003e25. Woman with baby walks into clinic \u003cbr/\u003e26. Various woman gets consultation with doctor \u003cbr/\u003eMore than 60% of all people in Sub-Saharan Africa are living with HIV (between 23.8 million and 28.9 million) according to UNAIDS figures for 2005.\u003cbr/\u003eIn South Africa almost one in three women aged between 20 -24 years were infected, the UN report indicated. \u003cbr/\u003eWhilst the non-governmental agencies are currently empathising the need for better education amongst vulnerable women, scientists in Switzerland are developing a revolutionary new gel that may empower women to protect themselves against the deadly virus. \u003cbr/\u003eIn South Africa, HIV prevalence among pregnant women has reached its highest levels to date. \u003cbr/\u003e29% of women attending antenatal clinics were HIV positive in 2004 (Department of Health South Africa, 2005). \u003cbr/\u003eIn Cape Town one non-governmental organisation (NGO) is offering HIV positive pregnant women advice, education and mentoring on how to avoid passing on the virus to their unborn children. \u003cbr/\u003eNow, in Geneva, researchers at the university hospital have developed a molecule which blocks the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes Aids, during sexual intercourse. \u003cbr/\u003eThis means that one day a gel may be available which women could use before sexual intercourse and protect themselves from becoming infected even if their partner is HIV positive. \u003cbr/\u003eThe molecule, a synthetic protein called PSC-Rantes, was developed over seven years by professor Robin Offord and his team. \u003cbr/\u003eThe molecule proved effective in tests with monkeys at a laboratory in Louisiana, in the United States, and human trials could start within the next year. \u003cbr/\u003eApplied externally to the female genitals, it provided 100 percent protection from infection.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Offord says it works by preventing the HIV virus from entering human cells. \u003cbr/\u003eThe team hopes that the molecule will be put in a vaginal gel which could protect women in developing world countries. \u003cbr/\u003eIt is estimated to retail at no more than $10 US dollars per year per woman. \u003cbr/\u003eThe team is also experimenting with other ways to mass produce the product in order to make it cheaper, including fermentation. \u003cbr/\u003eThe scientists' work was originally published in the journal 'Science' on 15 October 2004. \u003cbr/\u003eTim Farley of the World Health Organisation in Geneva welcomed the development of the gel, and its ease of use. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Mothers 2 Mothers\" is an outreach programme for pregnant women infected with the HIV virus in the Khayalitsha township on the outskirts of Cape Town. \u003cbr/\u003eThe programme's aim is to empower women with HIV to become \" Mentor Mothers \" to other HIV positive women.\u003cbr/\u003eHere they can receive nutritious meals, classes on prevention, and learn skills such as sewing and beading. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Kenya's poorest neighbourhoods there has been a drop in HIV infections, according to the UNAIDS 2005 report. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever Farley says that  women here and in other parts of Africa are vulnerable to HIV infections not only through their own sexual choices, but also that of their husbands. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 2005, UNAIDS estimate that upto 3.2 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa became newly infected, while 2.4 adults and children died of AIDS. \u003cbr/\u003eIt is hoped that in the future this gel could protect African women.\u003cbr/\u003eClients are reminded: \u003cbr/\u003e(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Television News Library on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aptnlibrary.com. \u003cbr/\u003e(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of any sound recording or performance included within the AP 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