{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Dissident claims Iran is smuggling graphite for nuclear purposes' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c494d8eafeecae169e28' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c494d8eafeecae169e28' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nDissident claims Iran is smuggling graphite for nuclear purposes\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Alireza Jafarzadeh walking into interview2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian Exile:\"The information that I received from sources of the Iranian opposition inside the Iranian regime, and these are the sources that have...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Alireza Jafarzadeh walking into interview\u003cbr/\u003e2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian Exile:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The information that I received from sources of the Iranian opposition inside the Iranian regime, and these are the sources that have proven accurate in the past. Iran has been smuggling very sensitive and key material for building a nuclear bomb. It is known as ceramic matrix composite, also known as CMC, which has use for missile industry, but is particularly used for building a nuclear bomb.\"\u003cbr/\u003e3. Cutaway\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian Exile:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is not clear how much governments are involved. The information I am getting mostly points to black markets - Iran using front companies to deceive other companies, other entities in foreign countries, and they wouldn't know what the destination would be.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Cutaway\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Alireza Jafarzadeh, Iranian Exile:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Iran actually has two programmes. One is the Bushehr nuclear reactor, the peaceful programme run by the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran; and then the second one, which is the more secret one, is the weapons programme that is controlled by the military, supervised by the supreme leader Khamenei, and employs a lot of the resources of the other part plus a number of other experts who are completely operating in very secret way.  That is how they managed to keep the programme secret so far.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Cutaway\u003cbr/\u003e8. Alireza Jafarzadeh talking\u003cbr/\u003eIran is circumventing international export bans on sensitive materials by smuggling graphite and a graphite compound that can be used in making both conventional and nuclear weapons, according to an Iranian exile and a senior diplomat.\u003cbr/\u003eIranian exile Alireza Jafarzadeh told the Associated Press on Friday that Iran has been forced to buy the material on the black market because most countries adhere to international agreements banning the sale of such \"dual use\" materials to Tehran.\u003cbr/\u003eThe allegations were confirmed by a senior diplomat familiar with Iran's covert nuclear activities.\u003cbr/\u003ePhone calls to Iranian diplomats seeking comment were not answered.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile with the National Coalition of Resistance of Iran, Jafarzadeh revealed key information about two hidden nuclear sites in Iran in 2002 that helped uncover nearly two decades of covert Iranian atomic activity - and sparked present fears that Tehran wants to build a bomb.\u003cbr/\u003eJafarzadeh, whose organisation was banned in the US for alleged terrorist activity and who now runs the Washington-based Strategic Policy Consulting think tank, said Iran was additionally smuggling and trying to manufacture a graphite-based substance called ceramic matrix composite. \u003cbr/\u003eThe highly heat resistance compound is also used in missile technology.\u003cbr/\u003eGraphite has many peaceful uses, including manufacturing steel, but can also be used as a casing for molten weapons-grade uranium to fit it to nuclear warheads or to shield the cones of conventional missiles from heat.\u003cbr/\u003eThe diplomat, who demanded anonymity because of security concerns, said Iran may also be interested in acquiring specially heat-resistant \"nuclear grade graphite\" that can be used as moderators to slow down the fission process in reactors generating energy. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile Iran does not now have reactors using such moderators, it insists it has the future right to all aspects of peaceful nuclear technology.\u003cbr/\u003eNeither the diplomat nor Jafarzadeh - who said his information came from sources inside Iran - could say how much graphite Iran had imported and over what time period.\u003cbr/\u003eJafarzadeh also said a plant now being built near the central town of Ardekan for what Iranian officials say is steel manufacturing will actually be a cover for mastering graphite technology.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' 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