{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Plague bodies reveal secrets of the old city of London in the 14th century ++EMBARGOED++' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c45ad8eafeecae168275' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c45ad8eafeecae168275' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPlague bodies reveal secrets of the old city of London in the 14th century ++EMBARGOED++\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAlmost a year after they emerged into the light, the bones of these men and women are still offering up tantalising details of the city that thrived about 800 years ago.That is until it was struck by the Black Death.The bodies were...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAlmost a year after they emerged into the light, the bones of these men and women are still offering up tantalising details of the city that thrived about 800 years ago.\u003cbr/\u003eThat is until it was struck by the Black Death.\u003cbr/\u003eThe bodies were discovered at the heart of the old city by construction workers tunnelling for Crossrail, Europe's largest infrastructure project.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's a rail transport system to link east and west London.\u003cbr/\u003eBut as well as contributing to London's future, Crossrail is also parting with secrets from the past, providing archaeologists with a chance to dig down through the centuries.\u003cbr/\u003eThe 14.8 billion pound ($23 billion) railway, due to open in 2018, will run across London from west to east, with a central 13 mile (21 kilometre) section underground. That has meant tunnelling beneath some of the oldest and most densely populated sections of the city.\u003cbr/\u003e25 bodies were discovered within the area of the tunnel.\u003cbr/\u003eSamples have been taken for DNA and isotope analysis in Canada and carbon dating in Northern Ireland. \u003cbr/\u003eWhat they reveal is a touching story about the recently discovered Londoners.\u003cbr/\u003eThey had a varied diet, but were poor and mostly malnourished. \u003cbr/\u003eThe bones reveal the scars of a hard life, and in some cases a violent one.\u003cbr/\u003eAs a human osteologist at the Museum of London Archaeology Don Walker is used to sifting through London's ancient remains.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"The plague is an acute illness. Now with acute illnesses they resolve quickly, either you live, or you die and there's not enough time for the bone itself to change, to remodel. It's only with chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, which lasts a long time where the bone can remodel. However, we can tell quite a few other things from the bone such as injuries and also lifestyle. For example, in this individual, in their spine we find lesions representing signs of hard labour and in fact we find that in quite a few of the skeletons.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Walker: \"We find both in the bone and also in the stable isotope work that's been done, that they suffered from malnutrition and stress and disease during their childhood years.  So that's another sign that they were perhaps quite impoverished, perhaps didn't have access to as much food as they needed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe bodies were found in a plague pit which lay just outside the ancient city walls.\u003cbr/\u003eLocal churchyards wouldn't have been able to cope with the thousands dying from the Black Death, all the bodies were interred and carefully arranged in designated burial grounds.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording Jay Carver, Crossrail's architect leading the project there are thousands of bodies:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Some historical chroniclers suggest up to 50,000 (buried bodies). That's pretty unbelievable because from historian estimates the population of London in the 1340s was probably only 60,000, but historians have also extrapolated from the number of wills made that possibly up to 60% of London's population died, so we're still talking about tens of thousands.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSome of the evidence archaeologists have unearthed has been remarkably detailed.\u003cbr/\u003eWalker says: \"The isotopic evidence can also tell us, tell us information about what they were eating, what kind of protein whether it's vegetable, or animal, or marine, most of them seem to have had quite a mixed diet, but we have some examples where we can say for example that some of them, they changed their diet after they moved to London because we also have information on where they were brought up due to the strontium isotopes (on the teeth) that trace the area of Britain where they were eating their food when they were developing .\"\u003cbr/\u003eThis also confirms that London was, much as it is today a cosmopolitan metropolis, with people arriving from all over Britain and beyond.   \u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Brendan Wren is a medical microbiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.\u003cbr/\u003eHe and his team have funding from Britain's Ministry of Defence (MOD) to find a way to fight the Yersina pestis bacteria which causes the Black Death.\u003cbr/\u003eWren has sequenced the bacteria's genome.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says there are 3000 cases of plague worldwide.\u003cbr/\u003eThis circle shows genome of Yersina pestis bacteria which killed an American vet fifteen years ago when a cat spat in her face.\u003cbr/\u003eWren has been struck at how similar the genome looks in the recent case to the genome from the plague centuries ago.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's currently treated with antibiotics, but as with other infections we may become resistant to these drugs.\u003cbr/\u003eWren says: \"Potentially the organism may mutate and become more virulent and that may have been what happened during the medieval time, during the Black Death, but we don't know. But some of studies that have been done now where, from the teeth of the Black Death victims we'll be able to extract the DNA, we'll be able to work out whether the organism was more aggressive, then than it is in the modern day plague.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWalker too, is convinced these bodies will eventually give us an understanding of future diseases. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"We can look at infectious disease and especially at re-emerging diseases and new emerging diseases to try to help us understand what form they'll take, how they'll evolve and how we can protect ourselves in future from such outbreaks.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe future of twenty five excavated skeletons is yet to be decided.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Crossrail they may be interred again, near the ground where they were originally laid to rest hundreds of years ago. \u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, March 26, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close low view of skeleton from pelvis to skull \u003cbr/\u003e2. Close low tilt up of skeleton \u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of teeth in skull\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close pan of skeleton spine \u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, August 7, 2013\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide top view of archaeologist scraping soil from a skull on the Crossrail excavation \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close of soil being picked out of skull \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of set of bones \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close rear view of archaeologist clearing bones \u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of archaeologist shovelling soil\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, March 26, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide pan of human osteologist Don Walker examining skeleton\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close tilt up of Walker examining bone \u003cbr/\u003e9. Close low view of Walker examining bone at rear of shot behind skeleton \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English), Don Walker, human osteologist, Museum of London Archaeology \u003cbr/\u003e\"The plague is an acute illness. Now with acute illnesses they resolve quickly, either you live, or you die and there's not enough time for the bone itself to change, to remodel. It's only with chronic diseases such as tuberculosis, which lasts a long time where the bone can remodel. However, we can tell quite a few other things from the bone such as injuries and also lifestyle. For example, in this individual, in their spine we find lesions representing signs of hard labour and in fact we find that in quite a few of the skeletons.\"\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close of spine \u003cbr/\u003e12. Close pull focus on lower teeth in jaw \u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English), Don Walker, human osteologist, Museum of London Archaeology \u003cbr/\u003e\"We find both in the bone and also in the stable isotope work that's been done, that they suffered from malnutrition and stress and disease during their childhood years.  So that's another sign that they were perhaps quite impoverished, perhaps didn't have access to as much food as they needed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, August 7, 2013\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of sign on site reading \"danger deep excavation\"\u003cbr/\u003e15. Mid tilt down of excavation site \u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of archaeologists including lead archaeologist Jay Carver looking at site\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, March 26, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of Carver leaving building \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English), Jay Carver, lead archaeologist, Crossrail\u003cbr/\u003e\"Some historical chroniclers suggest up to 50,000 (buried bodies). That's pretty unbelievable because from historian estimates the population of London in the 1340s was probably only 60,000, but historians have also extrapolated from the number of wills made that possibly up to 60% of London's population died, so we're still talking about tens of thousands.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close low pan of skeletons laid out side by side ending in pull focus to spine in foreground\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close tilt down to teeth\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English), Don Walker, human osteologist, Museum of London Archaeology \u003cbr/\u003e\"The isotopic evidence can also tell us, tell us information about what they were eating, what kind of protein whether it's vegetable, or animal, or marine, most of them seem to have had quite a mixed diet, but we have some examples where we can say for example that some of them, they changed their diet after they moved to London because we also have information on where they were brought up due to the strontium isotopes (on the teeth) that trace the area of Britain where they were eating their food when they were developing .\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close of Walker examining bone\u003cbr/\u003eHertfordshire, UK, March 26, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of Professor Brendan Wren looking at study on laptop\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close of Wren\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close pull to focus of Wren's graphic representation of the genome of Yersina pestis (the Black Death  plague)\u003cbr/\u003e26. Mid low view of Wren\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of DNA which makes up the genome \u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE: (English), Professor Brendan Wren, professor of medical microbiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\u003cbr/\u003e\"Potentially the organism may mutate and become more virulent and that may have been what happened during the medieval time, during the Black Death  ,  but we don't know. But some of studies that have been done now where, from the teeth of the Black Death   victims we'll be able to extract the DNA, we'll be able to work out whether the organism was more aggressive, then than it is in the modern day plague.\"\u003cbr/\u003e29. Close zoom into illustrations on laptop screen \u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK, March 26, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close tilt up of Walker looking at bone\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide of Walker examining bone \u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE: (English), Don Walker, human osteologist, Museum of London Archaeology \u003cbr/\u003e\"We can look at infectious disease and especially at re-emerging diseases and new emerging diseases to try to help us understand what form they'll take, how they'll evolve and how we can protect ourselves in future from such outbreaks.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Close low view pull focus of skeletons lying alongside each other \u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=1101049\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=1216220\"\u003eAll Subjects\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Type\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\u0026amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543650\"\u003eNews Clips\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSource:\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2014\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003ewestern europe, diet, food, population, teeth, london, england, archaeology, europe, work, microbiology, time\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003einformation, united kingdom, infectious diseases, plague, disease, form, find, bone, health, black death, organism, sign, science, donald walker, eating, emerging diseases, food and drink, biology, kind, bear, change, lifestyle, diseases and conditions, acute illness\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: Plague bodies reveal secrets of the old city of London in the 14th century ++EMBARGOED++\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"Plague bodies reveal secrets of the old city of London in the 14th century ++EMBARGOED++\" title=\"Plague bodies reveal secrets of the old city of London in the 14th century ++EMBARGOED++\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}