{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Red ants remedy for tea plant infestation' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c456d8eafeecae168025' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c456d8eafeecae168025' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nRed ants remedy for tea plant infestation\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionPadannakkad, Kasargode District, Kerala, India - September 21, 20111. Close of red ants (also called the weaver ant ), pull focus to show red ants feasting on a moth 2. Various of red ants feeding on moth3. Close of red...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003ePadannakkad, Kasargode District, Kerala, India - September 21, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close of red ants (also called the weaver ant ), pull focus to show red ants feasting on a moth \u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of red ants feeding on moth\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of red ant\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of a tea mosquito, a pest that destroys the cashew nut crop \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of red ants on a cashew plant leaf, pull focus to tea mosquito on another leaf\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide tracking shot of cashew plantations\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of sign board of red ants research project at the Padannakkad Agriculture College\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of Associate Professor K.M. Sreekumar looking through a microscope\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of tea mosquito \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. K. M. Sreekumar, Associate Professor, Agricultural Entomology Division, Agriculture College, Padannakkad:\u003cbr/\u003e\"All the bio-control techniques are alternates for pesticides, very good alternative for the pesticides because they, these ants will be searching for the pest. Because they have to feed, so they will be searching for the pest always and eat away the pest.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003ePulloor-Periya, Kasargode district, Kerala, India - September 22, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of traffic on road leading to Pulloor-Periya area affected by spraying of endosulfan pesticide over plantations\u003cbr/\u003e12. Low angle shot of Fathima Beevi with her grandson Muhammed Fayis born with congenital deformity and mental retardation\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of Muhammed Fayis\u003cbr/\u003e14. Mid of Fayis's foot\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (Malayalam) Fathima Beevi, grandmother of child born with congenital deformity and mental retardation:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I am at a loss to say how all this happened. When my daughter was pregnant, she experienced a lot of physical discomfort. Maybe this pesticide (endosulfan) has played a role of its own.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide of physically and mentally disabled children at the day care centre for suspected endosulfan victims\u003cbr/\u003e17. Various of children at the centre\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid of child being helped into a vehicle\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of vehicle with children leaving the centre\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE (Malayalam) Leela Kumari Amma , anti-Endosulfan campaigner:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Chemical pesticides have taken a very high toll of life in the Kasargode district. Countless people have had to face untimely death. Even now these deaths are going on. There are many people who are like the living dead. The government is providing assistance to these victims.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eAyithara , Kerala ,September 23, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of red ants on cashew leaves\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide of cashew farmer Nellikal Vasavan with workers at his cashew plantation\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close of red ants moving along a coir rope tied between two trees\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of red ants on tree\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE (Malayalam) Nellikal Vasavan, cashew farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"My method is simple - I pluck the leaves containing ant colonies and carry them to other trees. Similarly by tying a long rope from an ant-infested tree to another one. I make use of dried fish to attract ants by the smell.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various of red ants feeding on an insect\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eThiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - September 23, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Oommen V.Oommen, Scientist, University of Kerala:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So it can be used as a biological control and successfully it can be used. The only thing is, when the population of weaver ant grows beyond a certain number, it can be a little bit nuisance value which the farmers have to put up with or farmers have to find, or devise how to harvest their crop when the weaver ant colonies are beyond a certain number.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003ePadannakkad, Kasargode District, Kerala, India - September 21, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of red ants on a cashew leaf\u003cbr/\u003e28. Various of red ants carrying dead insects\u003cbr/\u003e29. Close of red ant\u003cbr/\u003eIndian farmers are using red ants to control pests and replace harmful pesticides.\u003cbr/\u003eOfficials in Kerala says scores of deaths and birth defects are down to the aerial spraying of crops with Endosulfan.\u003cbr/\u003eThese red ants could save lives.\u003cbr/\u003eAnts are highly effective hunters and have a voracious appetite for insect prey.\u003cbr/\u003eThat's why scientists in the southern Indian state of Kerala are using them to control pests on the cashew plantations, instead of pesticides.\u003cbr/\u003eChemical pesticides are to blame for scores of deaths and hundreds of children born with deformities, according to the Kerala state government.\u003cbr/\u003eAerial spraying of the chemical pesticide Endosulfan has been going on in Kasargode district for more than 20 years.\u003cbr/\u003eEndosulfan causes nerve damage and is already banned in 80 countries - including the United States, European Union and Australia - while others have announced phase-outs over the next few years. \u003cbr/\u003eEndosulfan is also facing a global ban by the 127 nations of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - a move initially opposed by India, the world's biggest producer of the pesticide.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Dr. K. M. Sreekumar of Padannakkad Agriculture University says using natural predators like the ants can be a very effective alternative:\u003cbr/\u003e\"All the bio-control techniques are alternates for pesticides, very good alternative for the pesticides because they, these ants will be searching for the pest. Because they have to feed, so they will be searching for the pest always and eat away the pest.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe ants feast on all kinds of bugs and insects and pests. In the university's 3-year study, scientists hope the ants will target the Tea mosquito, the most destructive pest affecting the cashew crops. \u003cbr/\u003eThe mosquito sucks the sap from tender shoots of cashew nuts and fruit crops, reducing the output by almost 50 per cent. \u003cbr/\u003eThe widespread use of pesticides in the cashew plantations has severely affected the human population, says Leela Kumari Amma, a campaigner against Endosulfan:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Chemical pesticides have taken a very high toll of life in the Kasargode district. Countless people have had to face untimely death. Even now these deaths are going on. There are many people who are like the living dead. The government is providing assistance to these victims.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAmong the victims is 10-year-old Muhammed Fayis, born with mental retardation and deformity.\u003cbr/\u003eHis grandmother Fathima Beevi says exposure to Endosulfan may have led to a difficult pregnancy for her daughter:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I am at a loss to say how all this happened. When my daughter was pregnant, she experienced a lot of physical discomfort. Maybe this pesticide (Endosulfan) has played a role of its own.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVillage officials say nearly 400 families in the area have been identified as Endosulfan victims.\u003cbr/\u003eA special school has been set up by the government for about 40 children, all suffering from congenital neurological deformities.\u003cbr/\u003eIndia's top court has now temporarily banned production and sale of Endosulfan and has ordered an expert report on how the pesticide affects people and the environment.\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the pioneers of using red ants is cashew farmer Nellikal Vasavan:\u003cbr/\u003e\"My method is simple - I pluck the leaves containing ant colonies and carry them to other trees. Similarly by tying a long rope from an ant-infested tree to another one. I make use of dried fish to attract ants by the smell.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVasavan noticed that cashew trees with colonies of ants were healthier than other trees.\u003cbr/\u003eBy moving the ants on to his other trees these natural predators, who also consume the mosquito larva, and kept the pest population under control.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile the ant technology is cheap, eco-friendly and harmless to humans, scientists say it has limitations.\u003cbr/\u003eThere are no techniques for cultivating the red ants in large numbers if the method is to be applied on a bigger scale.\u003cbr/\u003eMore importantly, there is no established way of handling the ants at the time of harvesting if their numbers grow significantly.\u003cbr/\u003e\"So it can be used as a biological control and successfully it can be used. The only thing is, when the population of weaver ant grows beyond a certain number, it can be a little bit nuisance value which the farmers have to put up with or farmers have to find, or devise how to harvest their crop when the weaver ant colonies are beyond a certain number,\" says Professor Oommen.V.Oommen, a scientist at the University of Kerala.\u003cbr/\u003ePest management using ants was practiced in Asia even in ancient times.\u003cbr/\u003eNow scientists hope that the red ants, or weaver ants, (biological name 'Oecophylla Smaragdina'), will help remedy the situation for future generations.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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