{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Stress in pregnancy causes long term health problems for the unborn child' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c43cd8eafeecae167394' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c43cd8eafeecae167394' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nStress in pregnancy causes long term health problems for the unborn child\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLondon, UK, October 30, 20091. Mid tilt up of pregnant woman in antenatal class 2. Mid shot zoom out of television showing educational breastfeeding programme to class3. Various of pregnant women in class4. Wide of heavily pregnant woman...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLondon, UK, October 30, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid tilt up of pregnant woman in antenatal class \u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid shot zoom out of television showing educational breastfeeding programme to class\u003cbr/\u003e3. Various of pregnant women in class\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of heavily pregnant woman walking around antenatal reception in hospital \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of antenatal clinic sign \u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide of ward sister (senior nurse/midwife) entering antenatal reception \u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid shot through glass to reception \u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid shot of ward sister (senior nurse/midwife) on telephone antenatal reception  \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English), Joan Glasgow, antenatal manager, ward sister, Imperial College Healthcare, Queen Charlotte's Hospital\u003cbr/\u003e\"Some women do become quite stressed, but also it can also be caused by their environment, the fact also that they are single mothers, the fact that they are career women and they have to balance a career with being pregnant. They, the career women quite often have a very demanding job and it's very difficult to compromise both.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid shot of couple waiting in antenatal clinic reception\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English), Joan Glasgow, antenatal manager, ward sister, Imperial College Healthcare, Queen Charlotte's Hospital\u003cbr/\u003e\"We do tend to tell women when they attend their first booking appointment and we also inform the women when they actually complain that they don't feel right and they think there might be a problem and obviously, at the point, we need to discuss various options with the women and in some cases it is possible that that woman needs to have a one to one midwife, who sees her constantly throughout the pregnancy and she has that one midwife to relate to.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Exterior mid shot of pregnant women walking into hospital\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of pregnant woman entering hospital \u003cbr/\u003e14. Medium close of woman massaging her stomach\u003cbr/\u003e15.SOUNDBITE: (English), Rosnah Hassell, pregnant, due to give birth November 3rd 2009\u003cbr/\u003e\"your hormones are trying to get you to nest and create this lovely home environment, so I have seen people very stressed and anxious by trying to move and decorate and get ready, all whilst working full time. I mean, that's the other thing, I mean financially a lot of women work right up to the last moment these days in order to get the longer maternity leave afterwards, so they're working very long hours at the same time. I think it's really hard on women and I've been very lucky in my situation, in not having to deal with that.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide of Professor Vivette Glover entering Imperial College laboratory \u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid shot of Professor talking to student in dissection laboratory \u003cbr/\u003e18. Close up of Professor Glover \u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English), Professor Vivette Glover, Professor of Perinatal Psychobiology, Imperial College London \u003cbr/\u003e\"The foetus is normally protected from the mother's stress hormones, particularly cortisol, by the placenta. The placenta acts as a barrier. And in the placenta there is an enzyme called (11B-2HSD)2, which breaks down cortisol so that the foetus is protected. But under conditions of stress, in animals, it's been shown the level of this enzyme is reduced, so this allows more cortisol to pass from the mother to the foetus. And we don't yet know if that happens in humans, but we're actively studying it that's one of the things we're doing research on right now.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of student dissecting placenta\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close zoom out from placenta to petri dishes\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English), Professor Vivette Glover, Professor of Perinatal Psychobiology, Imperial College London \u003cbr/\u003e\"If the mother is in the top fifteen per cent of anxiety, if she's among the most anxious in the population, but not extremely anxious, her child is at double the risk of various behavioural problems. Double the risk of being anxious, double the risk of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and double the risk of something called conduct disorder.\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Various of placenta dissection\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English), Professor Vivette Glover, Professor of Perinatal Psychobiology, Imperial College London \u003cbr/\u003e\"There's only one study that actually helped women right through pregnancy in the first two years, that's called the Family Nurse Partnership, it's just being started in Britain by the British government, but it was originated in America about thirty years ago and what they showed was, they had specially trained nurses who went in and helped vulnerable women, this was targeted at very vulnerable, usually young, poor women who are under special levels of stress and gave them help right through pregnancy in the first two years. And the really exciting thing about this study is that it shown that it's helped the outcome for the children in all sorts of ways, and the most impressive way is it reduced the level of criminal behaviour in the children by half.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid of pregnant woman in breast feeding class\u003cbr/\u003e26. Mid pan of women watching breastfeeding programme\u003cbr/\u003e27. Medium close tilt down of pregnant woman\u003cbr/\u003eAnxious, and severely stressed pregnant women could be storing up health problems which could damage their children in later life, according to evidence being gathered by British scientists. \u003cbr/\u003eThe team says severe pre-natal stress increases the likelihood of a child having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression and problems with mental development.   \u003cbr/\u003ePregnancy may well be a time of great joy and expectation, but for many it is also a very serious business.\u003cbr/\u003eNot least because women are anxious to ensure that they are able to provide the best for their baby.\u003cbr/\u003eThe women in this antenatal group are learning about the benefits of breastfeeding.\u003cbr/\u003eSome may experience concerns and stress over the well being of their baby, but the majority will give birth to children will grow up to be healthy.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Sister Joan Glasgow, the senior nurse and manager of this antenatal unit, the serious stresses and worries these women face tend to fall into two categories.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says they're often career women who fear their prospects might be compromised by time away from work, or women who face serious financial difficulties.\u003cbr/\u003eGlasgow works at London's Imperial Healthcare Trust which is supported by a wealth of research facilities connected to Imperial College, part of London University.\u003cbr/\u003eShe's set up the psychological medicine clinic here, and women who are deemed to be suffering from severe stress are dealt with by one midwife, who can closely track her progress. \u003cbr/\u003eRosnah Hassell counts herself as fortunate. \u003cbr/\u003eShe says she has a good relationship with her husband and they aren't experiencing financial hardship, but she says she's watched other couples falter as they struggle to cope with financial pressures.\u003cbr/\u003eIn laboratories just behind the antenatal unit Professor Vivette Glover and her team are researching how pre-natal stress can cause long term damage which will continue to effect the foetus many years after its birth. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is focussed on the placenta which normally acts as a barrier to the mother's stress hormones, particularly cortisol.\u003cbr/\u003eGlovers team is investigating how an enzyme within the placenta breaks down cortisol so that the foetus is protected. \u003cbr/\u003eBut under conditions of stress, in animals, it's been shown the level of this enzyme is reduced, so this allows more cortisol to pass from the mother to the foetus.\u003cbr/\u003eA similar substance is found in licorice and scientists believe pregnant women who eat a lot of licorice may impair the protective function of their placenta.\u003cbr/\u003eA Scottish paper published this month found that children of women who ate a lot of liquorice when pregnant didn't perform as well as other youngsters in tests. \u003cbr/\u003eGlover says the research has been restricted to animals, but they're now actively studying if it these results can be supported by the work they're doing on human placentas now.\u003cbr/\u003eThe professor has also been closely involved in another British study of maternal antenatal stress.\u003cbr/\u003eShe's been part of a team which has continued to track thousands of women and their children from pregnancy.\u003cbr/\u003eMany women at the start of the study now have children well into teenage.\u003cbr/\u003eGlover says the findings of this study clearly support the link between pre natal depression and stress and health problems in the children. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Professor Glover \"if the mother is in the top fifteen per cent of anxiety her child is at double the risk of various behavioural problems. Double the risk of being anxious, double the risk of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)\".\u003cbr/\u003eThey're also at double the risk of 'conduct disorder' which can manifest itself in increased aggression and other forms of antisocial behaviour.\u003cbr/\u003eIn extreme cases she believes, this stress can be linked to autism, even schizophrenia. \u003cbr/\u003eGlover says in our distant past, stress may have been a survival trait passed from mother to child, helping them to fight, or take flight from danger.\u003cbr/\u003eGlover says the British government is now looking to establish a model of the Family Nurse Partnership, pioneered the US.\u003cbr/\u003eGlover is convinced it works, she argues giving the most vulnerable targeted support during pregnancy is already paying dividends in America.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says criminal behaviour in the offspring of this group has been cut by half.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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