{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Raul Castro, younger brother of Fidel,   and his assumed successor, turns 75' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c407d8eafeecae165af3' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c407d8eafeecae165af3' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nRaul Castro, younger brother of Fidel,   and his assumed successor, turns 75\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Photo of Raul Castro (lower left corner) with mother, brothers and sisters (Fidel Castro upper left corner) 2. Book covers of Raul and Che Guevara diaries3. Photo of Fidel and Raul Moncada, Cuba - July 26 19534. Photo of the attack on...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Photo of Raul Castro (lower left corner) with mother, brothers and sisters (Fidel Castro upper left corner) \u003cbr/\u003e2. Book covers of Raul and Che Guevara diaries\u003cbr/\u003e3. Photo of Fidel and Raul \u003cbr/\u003eMoncada, Cuba - July 26 1953\u003cbr/\u003e4. Photo of the attack on Moncada garrison \u003cbr/\u003e5. Photo of dead rebels at Moncada\u003cbr/\u003e6. Raul walking in mountains\u003cbr/\u003e7. Various of Raul meeting rebels in mountains \u003cbr/\u003e8.  Various of Raul and his wife Vilma at rebel headquarters ++MUTE++\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (Spanish) Raul Castro Rebel Army Commander: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We want the world to know the terrible truth.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSierra Maestra mountains, Cuba -1995: \u003cbr/\u003e10. Raul speaking with children\u003cbr/\u003eChina, date unknown \u003cbr/\u003e11. Raul visiting military installation \u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China, date unknown\u003cbr/\u003e12. Zoom in of Raul with former Chinese premier Li Peng\u003cbr/\u003eHavana, Cuba - April 2005\u003cbr/\u003e13. Zoom out of Raul marching outside US Interests Section \u003cbr/\u003eHavana airport, Cuba - December 2000\u003cbr/\u003e14. Raul and Fidel greeting Russian President Vladimir Putin\u003cbr/\u003eCuba - June 2003 \u003cbr/\u003e15. Various of Raul and Fidel at opening session of Cuban Parliament  \u003cbr/\u003eRaul Castro, Cuban Defence Minister and younger brother of Fidel Castro, turns 75 on Saturday.\u003cbr/\u003eRaul is Fidel Castro's designated successor but many think he may never lead the country because of his advanced age. \u003cbr/\u003eThe fourth of seven children, Raul Castro Ruz was born in eastern Cuba on June 3, 1931. \u003cbr/\u003eLike his older brother Fidel, he attended the Jesuit Cologio Dolores in Santiago and later a Jesuit preparatory school in Havana.\u003cbr/\u003eRaul Castro, five years younger than Fidel, has been Cuba's leader-in-waiting, often in the background but always staunchly loyal to his brother.\u003cbr/\u003eOn July 26, 1953, Fidel Castro led about 160 followers, including Raul, in a raid on the Moncada military barracks in Santiago, hoping to inspire a general uprising.\u003cbr/\u003eThe raid failed and about half the rebels were killed. But it helped establish Fidel Castro as a leading opposition figure. \u003cbr/\u003eFidel was sentenced to 15 years in prison and Raul to 13.\u003cbr/\u003eBoth were freed in a general amnesty in May 1955 and within months they went to Mexico, where they began organising another revolt as the July 26 Movement.\u003cbr/\u003eOn November 25, 1956, 82 rebels left the Mexican port of Tampico aboard a yacht called the Granma. The overloaded craft was spotted by the military before touching land.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly 18 of the rebels eventually reached safe haven in the Sierra Maestra mountains of eastern Cuba. Among them were Fidel, Raul, and an Argentine doctor named Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara.\u003cbr/\u003eIn March 1958, Raul established a second front in the Sierra de Cristal. He eventually led 4,000 men.\u003cbr/\u003eThe rebels, preaching sweeping reforms but not socialism, rapidly gained support among Cubans fed up with President Fulgencio Batista's corrupt and brutal government and eventually defeated government troops in several key battles.\u003cbr/\u003eOn January 1, 1959, Batista fled the country. Fidel Castro entered Havana in triumph seven days later.\u003cbr/\u003eIn that first year after triumph, Raul married Vilma Espin, who had fought alongside him. \u003cbr/\u003eShe eventually became, and remains, head of the Communist Party-linked women's organisation and often serves as a First Lady for Cuba.\u003cbr/\u003eRaul was named head of Cuba's armed forces late in 1959 and in 1960. \u003cbr/\u003eUnlike Fidel, Raul joined a Communist youth group before the revolution and was widely considered a Marxist even before Fidel Castro embraced socialism in 1961.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 1962 he became deputy prime minister and in 1972 first deputy prime minister, behind Fidel.\u003cbr/\u003eHe has been a vociferous defender of communist ideology in recent years and in 1996 announced a crackdown on academics who strayed too far from the party line, criticising those who had grown too close to US colleagues.\u003cbr/\u003eBut he has also shown signs of flexibility.\u003cbr/\u003eAs head of the armed forces, Raul oversaw some of Cuba's most important experiments with limited market-style economic reforms. \u003cbr/\u003eMilitary units produced and sold food at free markets and the military ran an important company, Gaviota, catering to luxury tourism.\u003cbr/\u003eIn December 2000, Raoul welcomed Vladimir Putin, the Russian President and his wife at Havana's Jose Marti airport. \u003cbr/\u003ePutin was the first Russian president to visit Cuba since the breakup of the Soviet Union.    \u003cbr/\u003eRaul also expressed an interest in China's version of free-enterprise socialism during a visit there in April 2005.\u003cbr/\u003eLike his brother, Raul was ever suspicious of the United States. 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