{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Organic farmers struggling to compete with GM crops' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3f7d8eafeecae16541d' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3f7d8eafeecae16541d' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nOrganic farmers struggling to compete with GM crops\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP Television Bedian, 16 July 20091. Long shot of farmers working in the field2. Low shot of farmer ploughing the field3. Over the shoulder shot of the farmer ploughing the field4. SOUNDBITE: (Punjabi) Tariq (no surname given),...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eBedian, 16 July 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Long shot of farmers working in the field\u003cbr/\u003e2. Low shot of farmer ploughing the field\u003cbr/\u003e3. Over the shoulder shot of the farmer ploughing the field\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (Punjabi) Tariq (no surname given), Farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We are tilling the land here, getting it ready to plant vegetables such as radish, carrots and spinach.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Worker at an organic grain processing plant clearing out the rubbish from oat grains which has been recently harvested from the fields.\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close up of oat grains gathering in a container\u003cbr/\u003e7. Worker gathering the grains to pour into the electric run grinder\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close up of organic oat grains being poured into the funnel\u003cbr/\u003e9. Tilt down from worker pouring the grains to the ground husk and oat gathering in a bucket\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close up of grains going into the grinder\u003cbr/\u003e11. Worker inspecting the quality of the ground oat\u003cbr/\u003e12. Worker pouring the ground oat on a sieve to remove the husk\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up of oat gathering in the container below\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE: (Punjabi) Shafqat (no surname given), Processing Plant Worker:\u003cbr/\u003e\"After cleaning grains we put them in the grinding machine, after that we again clear out the husk and then pack it and send it to whoever has placed an order with us.\"\u003cbr/\u003e15. Shafqat measuring and packing the oats in brown paper bag\u003cbr/\u003e16. Shafqat completing the packaging for distribution and sale\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of the owner of the organic farm, Samiya Mumtaz, dealing with the farm manager \u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid of the same\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of Samiya's worksheet\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Samiya Mumtaz, Organic farmer and owner of Daali Earth Foods:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When I started about 16 years ago, I had to explain what organic was, and I found that the easiest way of going about it was to say that I was doing traditional foods, desi (pure) foods, which I think encompasses everything that organic is about and more. I have seen that we have now more people buying our stuff and we've also increased our range, we have got flour and vegetable oils as well as fresh vegetables, eggs.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Low shot of a camel driven seed grinding mechanism\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close shot of rape seeds going through the grinder as the camel walks in a circle\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide of the same\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close up of seeds being ground slowly to extract rape seed oil\u003cbr/\u003e25. Oil dripping from the bottom of the mechanism\u003cbr/\u003e26. The collected oil is being poured through a sieve\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close up of the same\u003cbr/\u003e28. After the purification process the rape seed oil is being poured into a container bottle\u003cbr/\u003e29. The container bottle is being sealed\u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Samiya Mumtaz, Organic farmer and owner of Daali Earth Foods:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There is definitely a market for organic foods, and I think it's now become a necessity with our fewer resources that go into producing more fertiliser, and more pesticides, and having tractors all those things are very resource intensive. And we have got to start practicing more environmentally friendly, less resource intensive, agriculture generally anyway.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLahore, 15 July 2009\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide pan of location outside Samiya's organic food shop in the city of Lahore\u003cbr/\u003e32. Various of Samiya explaining the products to a customer\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Shazia Khalid, Client:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I know, I know this very well that organic food is very good for health, and that the food pesticides, and un-organic food, are really dangerous for health. That is why I am here to buy things from this shop, the stuff which is all organic and very, very good for health.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Slow pan inside the shop displaying products\u003cbr/\u003e35. Close up of pure and wild honey jars\u003cbr/\u003e36. Tracking shot of different spices on the shelf\u003cbr/\u003e37. Pan of organic porridge and vegetable oil bottles\u003cbr/\u003e38. Shot of fresh organic vegetables\u003cbr/\u003e39. Shot of organic soaps manufactured from vegetable and plant extracts\u003cbr/\u003e40. Shot of organic skin and hair care products\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad, 21 July 2009\u003cbr/\u003e41. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rina Saeed Khan, Environmental activist and journalist:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is sad you know most farmers in Pakistan don't even know what GMO (genetically modified organism) means, and yet they are going out and buying these seeds and they are growing genetically modified crops. These seeds are being supplied by a multi-national (organisations) which recently came into Pakistan, very quietly I might add. We just don't know what the long-term effects would be of growing these seeds. In Europe there is a huge debate about this and in fact the European Union has blocked the sale of GMOs. And yet they are happily dumping (these seeds) in third world countries like Pakistan. And already we are paying a price for the overuse of pesticides and fertilisers which were introduced in the 1960s and 70s during the green revolution. And scientists say that if the organic matter of the soil goes below two percent it is officially barren, and we are reaching that average.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eBedian, 16 July 2009\u003cbr/\u003e42. Wide of organic field\u003cbr/\u003e43. Mid shot of a rice plantation\u003cbr/\u003e44. Close up of rice plants\u003cbr/\u003e45. Tracking shot through a rice plantation ending at a wild sunflower growing in the field\u003cbr/\u003ePakistan has an agrarian economy and largely relies on commercial farming techniques involving heavy use of fertilisers and pesticides.\u003cbr/\u003eMore recently it has seen the introduction of genetically modified seeds.\u003cbr/\u003eNow a few small land owners in the country are pushing the idea of organic farming. \u003cbr/\u003eTilling the land, ready to plant crops such as radishes, carrots and spinach.\u003cbr/\u003eCommercial farming is the largest revenue generating activity in Pakistan today. According to government figures, the domestic agriculture market is worth twenty four percent of the country's GDP. \u003cbr/\u003eSynthetic fertilisers and pesticides were introduced in the 1960s and 70s in order to generate a higher yield to feed Pakistan's growing population.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever, farmers growing for personal use, stuck to traditional agricultural methods  - avoiding the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides and using organic substitutes.\u003cbr/\u003eSamiya Mumtaz of Daali Earth Foods is trying to revive those traditional methods on a larger scale. \u003cbr/\u003eMumtaz, an actress by profession, set about spreading awareness among Pakistanis to eat healthy foods, and explaining the benefits of organic produce.\u003cbr/\u003e\"When I started about 16 years ago, I had to explain what organic was and I found that the easiest way of going about it was to say that I was doing traditional foods, desi (pure) foods, which I think encompasses everything that organic is about and more. I have seen that we have now more people buying our stuff and we have also increased our range, we have got flour and vegetable oils as well as fresh vegetables and eggs,\" she says. \u003cbr/\u003eForging partnerships with her friends, Mumtaz bought 14 acres of land.\u003cbr/\u003eFor the first two years she allowed wild grass and weed to grow on it.\u003cbr/\u003eThis helped wear out the effects of pesticides and synthetic fertilisers that had previously been used on the land. \u003cbr/\u003e\"There is definitely a market for organic foods and I think its now become a necessity with our fewer resources that go into producing more fertilisers and more pesticides and having tractors all those things are very resource intensive and we have got to start practicing more environmentally less resource intensive agriculture generally anyways,\" says Mumtaz. \u003cbr/\u003eMumtaz applied traditional techniques which she learnt from books and other farmers. \u003cbr/\u003eThe actress' knowledge of organic foods and organic farming is remarkably extensive for a self taught farmer.\u003cbr/\u003eHer Daali Earth Food store in the city of Lahore offers more health foods than any of the large supermarkets in the city. \u003cbr/\u003eFoods from her farms and elsewhere are distributed throughout the country.\u003cbr/\u003eHer target market has increased from the niche of health conscious and the elitist, to people from the middle and lower middle classes of the country.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I know this very well that organic food is very good for health, and that the food pesticides and un-organic food are really dangerous for health that is why I am here to buy things from this shop, the stuff which is all organic and very very good for health,\" says shopper, Shazia Khalid. \u003cbr/\u003eMumtaz attributes this to the quality of her produce which she says reminds her clients of how food used to be when they were young. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, Mumtaz does admit that her yield, while growing in an organic fashion, is almost half of the conventional yield and therefore a major factor in discouraging many farmers to adopt organic farming.\u003cbr/\u003eOne of Mumtaz's clients gives her a raving review. Shazia Khalid says that Mumtaz is doing a good job by promoting organic produce and therefore spreading the message of health and well being in a developing country which lacks basic necessities.\u003cbr/\u003eIt doesn't take long for food to come from the farm to the shop.\u003cbr/\u003eA visit to her granary shows signs of the arrival of fresh grains which are cleaned of dirt and husk and then ground down to make wheat flour, porridge, and breakfast cereals.\u003cbr/\u003eDaali Earth Foods also provides organic cooking oils such as olive oil and mustard seed oil. \u003cbr/\u003eOil from seeds is very carefully and slowly extracted using traditional methods of grinding seeds driven by camels. \u003cbr/\u003eJust outside the very modern metropolitan of Lahore, lies Mumtaz's out-sourced traditional oil seed grinding operation. \u003cbr/\u003eIn keeping with centuries' old tradition, a camel walks in circles around a grinding pot full of mustard seeds as oil trickles out of a spout at the bottom. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter a few purification processes, the oil is poured out in bottles and shipped to the store.\u003cbr/\u003eMumtaz stresses the need for low intensity farming, in effect simplifying the processes which she feels is what the world needs. \u003cbr/\u003eFertilizers and pesticides, she says, are having a devastating effect on human health, while organic substitutes are widely available.\u003cbr/\u003eShe advocates cow manure and waste compost, which can be used as organic manure, while ash, when mixed with water and sprayed, acts as a natural insect repellent. \u003cbr/\u003eDaali Earth Foods sells everything from free-range chickens, vegetables, honey, spices, soaps, skin lotions, and shampoos - all are organically produced.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever, it is only a ray of light in Pakistan's largely commercial farming industry where the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides is widely prevalent. \u003cbr/\u003eAnalysts suggest that the true organic farming industry is less than one percent of all agriculture in the country.\u003cbr/\u003eAnother small section of the industry employs traditional farming methods combined with small amounts of fertiliser and/or pesticides. These form around 10 percent of the agricultural setup.\u003cbr/\u003eThe majority share of almost 90 percent is held by large commercial operations.\u003cbr/\u003eMore recently, the world's largest genetically modified seed manufacturer Monsanto arrived in Pakistan and started supplying GM seeds to local farmers. \u003cbr/\u003eThis poses another challenge to Mumtaz and other organic farmers in Pakistan.\u003cbr/\u003eEnvironmental activist and journalist, Rina Saeed Khan, says she has little doubt that the use of high yield seed varieties has caused profound threats to the environment, biodiversity and human health.\u003cbr/\u003eKahn adds that experts are currently researching the link between the over-use of pesticides and the increased spread of diseases like diabetes, heart problems and cancer.\u003cbr/\u003eMonsanto Pakistan's primary target are large land owners.\u003cbr/\u003eThe inception of GM seeds in Pakistan's agriculture industry has restricted some of Pakistan's agricultural export to Middle Eastern countries and some African countries. The European Union has also rejected GM imports.\u003cbr/\u003eThe market for GM seeds is growing, through aggressive marketing and the government's own initiative to grow more food stuffs. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to estimates received from the Ministry of Agriculture, GM seeds are currently being supplied to nearly 30 percent of the commercial farming market.\u003cbr/\u003eKhan suggests that Pakistani farmers are already faced with quick depletion of organic matter from their lands.\u003cbr/\u003eThis she attributes to the heavy usage of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to her, Pakistan's agricultural land is nearly barren since the organic matter of the soil is almost two percent - the globally accepted marker of defining a piece of land as barren. \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is sad you know most farmers in Pakistan don't even know what GMO (genetically modified organism) means, and yet they are going out and buying these seeds and they are growing genetically modified crops. These seeds are being supplied by a multi-national (organisations) which recently came into Pakistan, very quietly I might add. We just don't know what the long-term effects would be of growing these seeds. In Europe there is a huge debate about this and in fact the European Union has blocked the sale of GMOs. And yet they are happily dumping (these seeds) in third world countries like Pakistan. And already we are paying a price for the overuse of pesticides and fertilisers which were introduced in the 1960s and 70s during the green revolution. And scientists say that if the organic matter of the soil goes below two percent it is officially barren, and we are reaching that average.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKahn says she is also concerned about the lack of research in to the long term health impact of eating food from GM modified seeds.\u003cbr/\u003eNOTE: according to government figures, cotton remains Pakistan's biggest export, which, along with cotton related products such as yarn and raw cotton, is worth some $12 (b)illion USD a year. 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