{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='INDIA/PAKISTAN: NUCLEAR ARMS RACE ESCALATING' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3f5d8eafeecae165374' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3f5d8eafeecae165374' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nINDIA/PAKISTAN: NUCLEAR ARMS RACE ESCALATING\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003ePokaran, Rajasthan \u0026amp; New Delhi - India ; Islamabad - Pakistan - Recent and FilePokaran, Rajasthan, India - May 20, 19981. Pan of crater at test site2. Pull out from soldiers to wide of test siteNew Delhi, India - May 17, 19983. Wide...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003ePokaran, Rajasthan \u0026amp; New Delhi - India ; Islamabad - Pakistan - Recent and File\u003cbr/\u003ePokaran, Rajasthan, India - May 20, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e1. Pan of crater at test site\u003cbr/\u003e2. Pull out from soldiers to wide of test site\u003cbr/\u003eNew Delhi, India - May 17, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of video being shown at news conference\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close shot video\u003cbr/\u003e5. Cutaway scientist\u003cbr/\u003e6. Tight shot May 11th nuclear test explosion being shown on screen\u003cbr/\u003e7. Video showing explosion aftermath\u003cbr/\u003ePokaran, Rajasthan, India - May 20, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e8. Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee in baseball hat looking at test site\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) George Fernandes, Indian Defence Minister\u003cbr/\u003e10. Local people with banners in English praising the tests\u003cbr/\u003eNew Delhi, India - May 1998\u003cbr/\u003e11. Anti-nuclear protest\u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad, Pakistan - May 16, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Shamshad Ahmed, Pakistani Foreign Secretary\u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad, Pakistan - March 23, 1998\u003cbr/\u003e13. Test firing of Pakistan's medium range Ghauri missile\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of weapons display at military day parade\u003cbr/\u003eFile - Kashmiri border\u003cbr/\u003e15. Crossfire between Indian and Pakistani forces on the border\u003cbr/\u003eEnglish/Nat\u003cbr/\u003eThe arms race between India and Pakistan escalated on Thursday after Islamabad answered India's nuclear tests with five detonations of its own.\u003cbr/\u003ePakistan had been under pressure from across the political spectrum to explode a nuclear device of its own since India carried out its first three tests on May 11.\u003cbr/\u003eA-P-T-V looks at the events leading up to Pakistan's retaliatory attack.\u003cbr/\u003eThe 15-foot (5 metre) crater caused by India's nuclear tests earlier this month.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Thar Desert in Rajasthan was the site for five nuclear tests -- three on May 11th and two on May 13th.\u003cbr/\u003eDays later, the India government proudly showed pictures of the tests to journalists.\u003cbr/\u003eThe country's top nuclear scientist involved in the tests said they had validated India's capability to design different types of nuclear weapons.\u003cbr/\u003ePrime Minister Atal Biohari Vajpayee, who was sworn into power in March, promised during his election campaign to look into reviving the country's nuclear testing capabilities.\u003cbr/\u003eThe B-J-P Hindu nationalist government's declaration represented a reversal in Indian public opinion on nuclear weapons.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"My feelings are that I am satisfied with the decision we took, I am satisfied with the manner in which the decision was implemented.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: George Fernandes, Indian Defence Minister\u003cbr/\u003eThroughout India there were celebrations that India now had the status of a nuclear power.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the tests brought condemnation from around the world, and no more so than from neighbouring Pakistan.\u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad announced it would also carry out tests -- prompting fears of a nuclear escalation in the area.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"We will not submit to browbeating. We will take all appropriate measures to protect our sovereignty, territorial dignity and national interests.  Pakistan will uphold its image as a self-respecting nation with pride and dignity.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Shamshad Ahmed, Pakistani Foreign Secretary\u003cbr/\u003eEarlier this year, Pakistan confirmed its commitment to developing its nuclear capability.\u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad secretly decided to develop a nuclear weapons programme in the early 1970s, after its defeat by India in the 1971 Bangladesh war, which bisected Pakistan. \u003cbr/\u003eWith China's assistance and smuggled technology, Pakistan built a uranium-enrichment programme under the guidance of a German-trained Pakistani scientist.\u003cbr/\u003eFor a long time both countries have been deemed capable of producing nuclear weapons, although until recently, both have denied that they were capable of doing so.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter India carried out its tests earlier this month, Pakistan had been under pressure from across the political spectrum to explode a nuclear device of its own.\u003cbr/\u003ePakistan and India have fought three wars since 1947 and came dangerously close to a fourth, possibly nuclear, confrontation in 1990 over the disputed state of Kashmir.\u003cbr/\u003eBoth sides are at a permanent state of readiness along the border where regular exchanges of fire take place.\u003cbr/\u003eNow India and Pakistan have proved they have nuclear capability, there are fears of a nuclear arms race on the Asian subcontinent.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' 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class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003eindia, business, nuclear weapons, asia, pakistan, weapons of mass destruction, south asia\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less 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