{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='New test results suggest elephants able to distinguish themselves from others' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3cdd8eafeecae164050' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c3cdd8eafeecae164050' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nNew test results suggest elephants able to distinguish themselves from others\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWildlife Conservation Society - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''Bronx Zoo, New York - July/August 20051. Wide shot elephant walking up to mirror and looking in and around itAP Television News  New York,...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWildlife Conservation Society - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''\u003cbr/\u003eBronx Zoo, New York - July/August 2005\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot elephant walking up to mirror and looking in and around it\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News  \u003cbr/\u003eNew York, 31 October 2006\u003cbr/\u003e2. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Diana Reiss, Wildlife Conversation Society:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now, that may seem odd to give a mirror to an elephant, but what that actually let's us do is it let's us use a mirror as a tool to see how animals process and interpret information, and it's actually quite a rare ability in the non-human animal world.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWildlife Conservation Society - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''\u003cbr/\u003eBronx Zoo, New York - July/August 2005\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide shot elephant moving about in front of the mirror\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eNew York, 31 October 2006\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Diana Reiss, Wildlife Conversation Society:\u003cbr/\u003e\"And first, when we first exposed them, we exposed a group of elephants, they explored the mirror. They actually got up over and looked on top, over the mirror, they sniffed over the top of the wall with their trunks, one of the elephants actually tried to look under the mirror. This is similar to what we see with dolphins and great apes as well. Then once they pass this exploratory phase, they start checking it out, similar to the Lucille Ball-Harpo Marx skit where you kind of do a lot of repetitive movements, checking out what happens when they move a certain way.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWildlife Conservation Society - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''\u003cbr/\u003eBronx Zoo, New York - July/August 2005\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide shot dolphin moving about in front of mirror\u003cbr/\u003e6. Medium shot chimpanzee looking into lens and then touching television screen\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eNew York, 31 October 2006\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Diana Reiss, Wildlife Conversation Society:\u003cbr/\u003e\"But we had to go a step further. Then what we used as the litmus test is to mark an animal. And we used a non-toxic child's paint and we put a mark on one side of the elephant's head, and we put an invisible mark of the same substance, I said an invisible mark, on the other side. And the idea was, would they look in the mirror, see the visible mark and touch it with their trunk and that's exactly what this one elephant did.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWildlife Conservation Society  - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''\u003cbr/\u003eBronx Zoo, New York - July/August 2005\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide shot elephant touching \"x\" on the side of head while looking in mirror\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eNew York, 31 October 2006\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Diana Reiss, Wildlife Conversation Society:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Elephants great apes and dolphins are all highly complex. They show very similar organisation in terms of their social dynamics. They're also highly cognitive. They show high levels of cognitive ability and intelligence and they also show this very rare behaviour which we call altruism and empathy and to find these animals showing these same characteristics and also showing the ability for mirror self-recognition is really striking.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWildlife Conservation Society  - Must on screen credit: \"Courtesy of Wildlife Conservation Society''\u003cbr/\u003eBronx Zoo, New York - July/August 2005\u003cbr/\u003e10. Dolphin doing turns in front of a mirror \u003cbr/\u003eNew test results suggest elephants are able to distinguish themselves from others, a trait that has so far only been shown in humans, chimpanzees, and to a limited extent, dolphins.\u003cbr/\u003eA 34-year-old female Asian elephant in the Bronx Zoo named Happy showed researchers that elephants can recognise themselves in a mirror - complex behaviour observed in only a few other species.\u003cbr/\u003eThat self-recognition may underlie the social complexity seen in elephants, and could be linked to the empathy and altruism that the animals have been known to display, said researcher Dr. Diana Reiss, of the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the Bronx Zoo.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We exposed a group of elephants - they explored the mirror,\" said Reiss. \"This is similar to what we see with dolphins and great apes as well.\" \u003cbr/\u003eIn a 2005 experiment, Happy faced her reflection in a mirror and repeatedly used her trunk to touch an \"X\" painted above her eye - the elephant could not have seen the mark except in her reflection. \u003cbr/\u003eFurthermore, Happy ignored a similar mark, made on the opposite side of her head in paint of an identical smell and texture, that was invisible unless seen under black light.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Elephants, great apes and dolphins are all highly complex,\" said Reiss. \"They show high levels of cognitive ability and intelligence and they also show this very rare behaviour which we call 'altruism' and 'empathy.'\"\u003cbr/\u003eHowever two other zoo elephants, Maxine and Patty, failed to touch either the visible or invisible \"X\" marks on their heads in two runs of the experiment. \u003cbr/\u003eAll three adult female elephants at the zoo behaved while in front of the jumbo mirror in ways that suggested they recognised themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eMaxine, for instance, used the tip of her trunk to probe the inside of her mouth while facing the mirror. She also used her trunk to slowly pull one ear towards the mirror, as if she were using the reflection to investigate herself. \u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers reported not seeing that type of behaviour at any other time.\u003cbr/\u003eThe three Bronx Zoo elephants did not display any social behaviour in front of the mirror, suggesting that each recognised the reflected image as itself and not another elephant. \u003cbr/\u003eMany other animals mistake their mirror reflections for other creatures.\u003cbr/\u003eReiss said it was \"really striking\" to see the elephants recognise themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eThat divergent species such as elephants and dolphins should share the ability to recognise themselves as distinct from others suggests the characteristic evolved independently, according to the study.\u003cbr/\u003eElephants and mammoths, now extinct, split from the last common ancestor they shared with mastodons, also extinct, about 24 (m) million years ago. 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