{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='The WHO marks the halfway point in its battle against TB' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c360d8eafeecae160d19' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c360d8eafeecae160d19' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nThe WHO marks the halfway point in its battle against TB\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLesotho, Southern Africa, March 17, 20101. Medium close up of TB patient having her chest checked with a stethoscope 1. Wide pan exterior of Masemouse clinic and countryside2. Various wides of Mafoka village3. Mid shot of Helen Bygrave...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLesotho, Southern Africa, March 17, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Medium close up of TB patient having her chest checked with a stethoscope \u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide pan exterior of Masemouse clinic and countryside\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various wides of Mafoka village\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid shot of Helen Bygrave with colleagues in the Medicins Sans Frontieres (MSF) office \u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of Bygrave with colleagues in the MSF office\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of Medicins Sans Frontieres sign \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English), Helen Bygrave, Medicins Sans Frontieres\u003cbr/\u003e\"More or less, one in four people are infected with HIV here in Lesotho. And it also has a huge prevalence of TB, it''s the fourth highest prevalence. 640 per 100,000 people incident cases per year of TB. What we also see is a huge co-infection rate. So of all our TB patients, between 80 to 90 percent of them also have HIV.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide of people standing in village \u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE: (English), Helen Bygrave, Medicins Sans Frontieres\u003cbr/\u003e\"For us, we treat it as a dual epidemic. We call it ''double trouble''. There''s no way you can just treat TB, or you can just treat HIV, because you''ve got a patient sitting in front of you, most often presenting with both diseases. So, the ideal situation is for the clinician and the system to provide that patient with both TB and HIV treatment.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide of clinic driveway with people waiting \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close clinic sign reads (in the Sesotho language) \"Place of free care and help for HIV/AIDS\" \u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of people waiting outside clinic \u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up of woman''s hand clutching her medical record book \u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide people waiting in reception for their consultation \u003cbr/\u003e14. Mid shot of clerk checking the patient''s files \u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of doctors checking patient in consultation shot through the consulting room door \u003cbr/\u003e16. Various of TB patient Tlalane Tsiane being examined by doctor in consultation room \u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (Sesotho), Tlalane Tsiane, HIV \u0026amp; TB patient \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a problem for us to come to the clinic, because sometimes there are gangster men waiting down by the side of the river.\"\u003cbr/\u003e18. Cutaway feet of woman waiting in line \u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (Sesotho), Tlalane Tsiane, HIV \u0026amp; TB patient \u003cbr/\u003e\"Yes, there are some women who have been raped.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of the dispensary inside Masemouse clinic \u003cbr/\u003e21. Close up of nurse dispensing medication over the counter \u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English), Laura Trivino Duran, Medicins Sans Frontieres\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think mostly from a patient point of view, if I will have to go to a hospital, a big hospital, and first go wait in a long, long line, to have my ARVs and then go to my counsellor to have my adherence counselling, and then to be referred to the TB ward, with another big long line of people for my TB drugs, maybe at the end of six months, I will be a bit fed up, and maybe one day I will quit. \u003cbr/\u003eMaseru, Lesotho, Southern Africa, March 18, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide high angle pan Maseru city centre\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Mphu Ramatlapeng, Minister of Health \u0026amp; Social Welfare, Lesotho  \u003cbr/\u003e\"The majority of our mine workers, who work in South African mines, come back without proper referral, back into Lesotho, into Botswana, or other countries. So that in itself, is a major problem. Because one, you don''t know if this person has taken medication, how long they''ve been on medication, whether they''ve been diagnosed properly or not. Hence we now are really, we are saddled with MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant TB), and that for us, that is one big problem.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close up of sign for multi-drug resistant TB hospital\u003cbr/\u003e26. Wide shot of doctors in ward with patients on bed in a  (MDR-TB) ward \u003cbr/\u003e27. Mid low shot of the patient''s legs hanging over the bed \u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid shot of anonymous patient on hospital bed \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close of patient under his blanket \u003cbr/\u003e30. Wide of pharmacy warehouse with staff checking stock \u003cbr/\u003e31. Close pharmacist writing out pill packets \u003cbr/\u003e32. Close pill packets on a shelf in the pharmacy \u003cbr/\u003e33. Wide of clinic showing extractor fans\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE: (English), Sera Thoola, patient infected with HIV and multi-drug resistant TB \u003cbr/\u003e\"I was driving a winch underground in the mine, and it was rusty. And then the rust from the winch got into my chest. And I believe that is what caused me to have TB.\"\u003cbr/\u003e35. Wide Thoola sitting with other patients in the courtyard\u003cbr/\u003eJohannesburg, Southern Africa, March 8,2010\u003cbr/\u003e36. SOUNDBITE: (English), Michel Sidibe, Executive Director of UNAIDS (The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)\u003cbr/\u003e\"The risk to have a new epidemic around TB-HIV co-infection is a major risk. And that''s why again, I''m calling for serious attention to TB, and serious attention attention to TB-HIV co-infection. 500,000 deaths are unnecessary.\" \u003cbr/\u003eLesotho, Southern Africa, March 18, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e37. Wide shot of crowded waiting room for clinic at Botsabelo MDR-TB Hospital\u003cbr/\u003eTuberculosis is infecting nearly ten million people each year and killing nearly two million.\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the worst affected areas is the southern African state of Lesotho, which is struggling to cope as AIDS patients with lowered immunity succumb to yet another disease. \u003cbr/\u003eThis woman is hoping to survive a disease which will kill half a million of her countrymen.\u003cbr/\u003eShe is from Lesotho.\u003cbr/\u003eThis small landlocked country in southern Africa is often referred to as the \"Mountain Kingdom\", because of its many hills. \u003cbr/\u003eIt is extremely poor and more than half of its people live below the poverty line. \u003cbr/\u003eNearly two million people live here, but not for long.\u003cbr/\u003eLife expectancy here, particularly for the Basotho people, is as low as 36 years. \u003cbr/\u003eToday  (March 24, 2010) the World Health Organisation (WHO) marks the halfway point of it''s global plan \"Stop TB\".\u003cbr/\u003eThe day is a reminder to all nations to redouble efforts to eradicate TB by 2015. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Lesotho alone the task is an enormous one. \u003cbr/\u003eHelen Bygrave, the Medical Coordinator for Medicins Sans Frontieres (MSF), outlines the numbers. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Lesotho has the third highest prevalence of HIV, more or less, one in four people are infected with HIV here in Lesotho. \u003cbr/\u003eAnd it also has a huge prevalence of TB, it''s the fourth highest prevalence. 640 per 100,000 people incident cases per year of TB. \u003cbr/\u003eWhat we also see is a huge co-infection rate. So of all our TB patients, between 80 to 90 percent of them also have HIV.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe problem governments are dealing with is no longer a single-disease epidemic, but a dual pandemic. \u003cbr/\u003eCo-infection with both tuberculosis and HIV is a big problem and a major cause of deaths. \u003cbr/\u003eMSF and the WHO say it''s crucial both diseases are treated together.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a country as rural and remote as Lesotho, one of the greatest challenges is ensuring communities have access to healthcare services. \u003cbr/\u003eMost clinics are partnerships between the Lesotho Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and international NGOs. \u003cbr/\u003eHere, Medicins Sans Frontieres is helping to support and run a programme of nursing care in areas which are hard to reach. \u003cbr/\u003eNurses are given the training and responsibility of initiating patients onto anti-retroviral and TB medication.\u003cbr/\u003eIt''s vital patients continue the treatment regularly, so community health workers follow up cases to make sure people stick to their treatment regime. \u003cbr/\u003eMSF doctor Laura Trivino Duran believes one of the biggest difficulties doctors face is that patients get frustrated and don''t adhere to their treatment regimes.\u003cbr/\u003eThat''s because getting to these clinics is a hard task for the healthy, let alone the sick.\u003cbr/\u003ePatients are often forced to travel to different distant hospitals and wait long periods for care. \u003cbr/\u003eDuran thinks that ensuring there is one carepoint for both HIV and TB will help to prevent this from happening. \u003cbr/\u003eAt this clinic in Masemouse, approximately a hundred kilometers from the capital Maseru, a doctor from the MSF tuberculosis programme visits at least once a month, to assist the local nurse with her patients. \u003cbr/\u003eConstruction workers are also building a new open-air waiting area to reduce  the likelihood of visiting patients spreading the easily transmitted disease while waiting for a consultation. \u003cbr/\u003eThe clinic has approximately 250 patients on its books and this morning, there are almost 30 patients waiting to be seen, clutching their medical record books. \u003cbr/\u003eSome of the patients, like Tlalane Tsiane, have endured a five hour walk  to get here. \u003cbr/\u003eTlalane and other women face huge obstacles to get to this clinic. \u003cbr/\u003eShe says \"it is a problem for us to come to the clinic, because sometimes there are gangster men waiting down by the side of the river and yes, sometimes women are raped\". \u003cbr/\u003eChallenges in this country stem not only from distances between villages and clinics, but also from the lack of economic opportunity. \u003cbr/\u003eMany men travel across the border to neighbouring South Africa to work on the mines. \u003cbr/\u003eSome return with multi-drug resistant TB and it''s extremely difficult to treat them effectively. \u003cbr/\u003eLesotho''s Minister of Health \u0026amp; Social Welfare Dr Mphu Ramatlapeng is also the regional representative for the World Health Organisation''s \"Stop TB\" partnership. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Ramatlapeng cross-border migration is a major and continuing challenge.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says \"the majority of our mine workers, who work in South African mines, come back without proper referral, back into Lesotho, into Botswana, or other countries. \u003cbr/\u003eRamatlapeng says they''re difficult to track and \"you don''t know if this person has taken medication, how long they''ve been on medication, whether they''ve been diagnosed properly or not. Hence we now are saddled with MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant TB).\"\u003cbr/\u003eShe believes the region has been hard hit because it doesn''t have a coordinated plan to tackle the dual infection of HIV and TB.\u003cbr/\u003eThe hospital in Maseru deals with the most critical cases, those that are resistant to TB drugs.\u003cbr/\u003eThe most infectious here are treated in isolation chambers and staff wear thick masks to protect themselves from the air-borne bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003ePatients co-infected with TB and HIV have no choice but to take on average 49 pills a day.\u003cbr/\u003eThey must also cope with the side effects of having to take so many drugs just to stay alive.\u003cbr/\u003eTreatment for multi drug resistant TB takes two years. \u003cbr/\u003eThese big metal tubes on the side of the clinic are extractor fans, doctors here are desperately trying to keep infection under control. \u003cbr/\u003eRetired miner Sera Thoola is one of the patients here.\u003cbr/\u003eHe''s convinced he was infected while working in South Africa where he discovered he was HIV positive. \u003cbr/\u003eMichel Sidibe is the Executive Director of UNAIDS, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.\u003cbr/\u003eSidibe believes there is a huge risk of HIV-TB co-infection becoming the next new epidemic. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says he''s \"calling for serious attention to TB, and serious attention attention to TB-HIV co-infection. 500,000 deaths are unnecessary,\"\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to a WHO report in 2009, \"Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease. 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huge, epidemic\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv 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data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: The WHO marks the halfway point in its battle against TB\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"The WHO marks the halfway point in its battle against TB\" title=\"The WHO marks the halfway point in its battle against TB\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}