{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Norway\u0026#39;\u0026#39;s distinctive wooden churches' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c336d8eafeecae15f992' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c336d8eafeecae15f992' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nNorway\u0026#39;\u0026#39;s distinctive wooden churches\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionUrnes (Sogn County), 10 February 20101. Wide of fjord2. Wide of Ornes Stave Church3. Mid tilt down of church4. Close pull focus of carved wooden pillars5. Mid pan across entrance6. Mid tilt up of church7. Close of church...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eUrnes (Sogn County), 10 February 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of fjord\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of Ornes Stave Church\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid tilt down of church\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close pull focus of carved wooden pillars\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid pan across entrance\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid tilt up of church\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close of church tower\u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid low-angle of church roofs \u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of snow-covered roof\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of cross detail on church\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide pan across fjord to church\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid of church graveyard\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of Sgur Mehlum, manager of Norway''s Stave Church Program, looking at exterior carvings\u003cbr/\u003e14. Mid pan from carvings on church exterior to Sgur Mehlum\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sgur Mehlum, manager of Norway''s Stave Church Program\u003cbr/\u003e\"The carvings we''re looking at now are from the end of the eleventh century. And it''s extremely good preserved because of the good craftsmanship and the high quality of the wood. And it''s one of the most important pieces of work we have in Norway.  It''s an art piece in Norway.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid tilt down of wood carving\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close of carved wooden dragon\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide tilt down of church interior being restored\u003cbr/\u003eNorwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage\u003cbr/\u003eUrnes (Sogn County), date unknown \u003cbr/\u003e19. Various stills of church interior before restoration\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eUrnes (Sogn County) February 10, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of carpenter Arlend Gjelsuik chopping wood into shape inside church\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (Norwegian) Arlend Gjelsuik, carpenter\u003cbr/\u003e\"Before restoration work began the church was in danger of collapsing. Whilst we were checking the foundations we found traces of two or three churches built before this one. Maybe a hundred years before this one.\" \u003cbr/\u003e22. Various of carpenter Bjagre Sunder working on restoration of the gallery \u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE: (Norwegian) Bjagre Sunder, carpenter\u003cbr/\u003e\"The wood has been well preserved mainly because it lay in a dry environment without soil or any other damaging elements.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide of church museum and ticket booth\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide of church curator and museum director Marit Boen entering church museum\u003cbr/\u003e26. Various of Marit Boen inside church museum\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Marit Boen, church curator and museum director\u003cbr/\u003e\"The building had not been changed until this last restoration.  Under the floor, with new fundaments (foundations), new stone walls under the ground beams and wall sills. But the tourists have changed very much. We had only a few tourists the first years, but now we have 16,000 in the summertime.\"\u003cbr/\u003eNorwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage - VNR\u003cbr/\u003eSogn county, date unknown\u003cbr/\u003e28.  Various of Borgund Stave Church\u003cbr/\u003eStave churches are often considered Norway''s most significant contribution to European architecture.\u003cbr/\u003eToday only thirty of these special buildings remain. \u003cbr/\u003eUrnes Stave Church is the oldest in the country and the only one listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Site.\u003cbr/\u003eAmid the beauty of the remote Norwegian fjords, small wooden churches can sometimes be found. \u003cbr/\u003eFor centuries dozens of stave churches - a typical Norwegian wooden church - punctuated the landscape. \u003cbr/\u003eSimilar churches existed elsewhere in Europe, but only the Norwegian ones have survived.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly thirty of them remain today in the whole of Norway and they are all protected as important examples of medieval building art.\u003cbr/\u003eUrnes church in Sogn, southern Norway, is the country''s oldest stave church.\u003cbr/\u003eIt was built in the early 12th century partially with materials from a pre-existing church.\u003cbr/\u003eThe history of the building of Urnes stave church spans a long period, with building materials and decorations ranging from the second half of the 11th century to almost 1800.\u003cbr/\u003eChristianity was introduced in Norway around the year 1000 AD.\u003cbr/\u003eA century after that there were at least 750 stave churches in the territory.\u003cbr/\u003eMost were built approximately between 1130 and 1350 when the Black Death brought all new construction to a halt.\u003cbr/\u003eMost of the churches built in Norway during the Middle Ages were stave churches made of timber wood, the main building material of the era.\u003cbr/\u003eConstruction of boats during Viking times had turned building with wood into an art, which improved the construction of stave churches.\u003cbr/\u003eThere are several types of stave churches, but common to all of them is a skeleton of timber with wall planks standing on sills.\u003cbr/\u003eThese walls are known as stave walls.\u003cbr/\u003eStaves (uprights) form the framework for the elevated central space and it is from them that this type of church has taken its name.\u003cbr/\u003eUrnes stave church was included in UNESCO''s World Heritage list in 1979.\u003cbr/\u003eBut Urnes'' uniqueness doesn''t rely exclusively on its age.\u003cbr/\u003eSome parts of the church, like the portal, the carved wall planks and corner upright on the church''s northern long wall were probably used as the main entrance.\u003cbr/\u003eSgur Melhum is the manager of Norway''s Stave Church Programme, a program conducted by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage aimed at restoring and maintaining all of Norway''s stave churches.\u003cbr/\u003eMelhum explains that the carvings on the northern wall are considered among Norway''s most exquisite pieces of art.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The carvings we''re looking at now are form the end of the eleventh century. It''s extremely good preserved because of the good craftsmanship and the high quality of the wood. And is one of the most important pieces of art work we have in Norway.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThis wood carving is known as the \"Urnes Style\" and it dates to around 1050.\u003cbr/\u003eThe decorative animal motifs, typical of the early churches, is said to be connected with pre Christian art.\u003cbr/\u003eThese types of ornaments were later replaced by Roman motifs and the classical stave church porch with its intertwined tendril and dragon decoration.\u003cbr/\u003eThe earliest stave churches had quadrangular ground plans.\u003cbr/\u003eBut eventually they became more elongated and developed into a wooden church with a central nave between two rows of columns and aisles on both sides.\u003cbr/\u003eThe interior column heads are richly ornamented.\u003cbr/\u003eThere is an open space under the floor which was previously used for burials.\u003cbr/\u003eBut this practice was banned at the beginning of the 19th century because of the unpleasant smell emanating from the decaying bodies.\u003cbr/\u003eMost of the ornamentation of the inside of the church dates back to the 1500''s.\u003cbr/\u003eA wooden crucifix hangs above the altar.\u003cbr/\u003eBut some of the church ornaments have been taken to a museum in Bergen like a Madonna and a male head carved in wood.\u003cbr/\u003eArlend Gjelsuik is one of the carpenters working on the restoration of Urnes church.\u003cbr/\u003eHe explains that post holes left by uprights from the first church have been found in the foundations.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Before restoration work began the church was in danger of collapsing. Whilst we were checking the foundations we found traces of two or three churches built before this one. Maybe a hundred years before this one.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnother carpenter working at Urnes Bjagre Sunder says the reason why the wood used to build Urnes has withstood the ravages of times is simply because its timber ground frame rests on stone foundations.\u003cbr/\u003eThe wood does not rot as it is not in direct contact with the soil.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The wood has been well preserved mainly because it lay in a dry environment without soil or any other damaging elements.\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eEvery morning Marit Boen, a local neighbour, arrives in the small cabin outside Urnes church.\u003cbr/\u003eFor the last thirty years she has been the church''s caretaker.\u003cbr/\u003eWhilst restoration is in progress most of the ornaments inside the church have been temporarily relocated in this cabin and displayed to the few visitors who dare to defy the freezing temperatures of wintry Norway.\u003cbr/\u003eLike this carving from the 12th century, the oldest in Norway, depicting the scene at Golgotha with Jesus suffering on the cross in front of a grieving Mary and John.\u003cbr/\u003eMarit explains that since the church was listed by UNESCO the number of tourists has escalated from a few hundred to 16, 000 last summer season.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The building had not been changed until this last restoration.  Under the floor, with new fundaments (foundations), new stone walls under the ground beams and wall sills. But the tourists have changed very much. We had only a few tourists the first years, but now we have 16,000 in the summertime.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnother stave church is found elsewhere in Sogn county. \u003cbr/\u003eBorgund stave church is perhaps the best known and most typical of all Norwegian stave churches.\u003cbr/\u003eIt was built in 1150 and dedicated to Apostle Saint Andrew and still stands intact.\u003cbr/\u003eThe origin of stave churches is still under debate.\u003cbr/\u003eSome experts say they are related to English churches whilst others maintain they must have been connected with earlier Norse building techniques and traditions.\u003cbr/\u003eBut all experts seem to agree that local church building must have been influenced by European sacred architecture as there is a direct connection between the triple-naved Norwegian stave church type and the Roman basilica.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=1107861\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=358379\"\u003eSocial Studies \u0026amp; 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