{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='AP focus on whether 1989 protests paved way for reforms' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c2dfd8eafeecae15cfae' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c2dfd8eafeecae15cfae' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAP focus on whether 1989 protests paved way for reforms\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBeijing, China - 3 June 20091. Wide of Tiananmen Square with portrait of Mao Zedong 2. Wide of security at side of square 3. Mid of security and plain clothed security 4. Mid of police looking at identification papers for journalists 5....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBeijing, China - 3 June 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Tiananmen Square with portrait of Mao Zedong \u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of security at side of square \u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid of security and plain clothed security \u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid of police looking at identification papers for journalists \u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of guards walking past police car on Tiananmen Square\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Beijing, China - 5 June 1989\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide of protesters on Tiananmen Square with banners \u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of protesters walking on square with protest banner \u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid wide of man standing in front of tank\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China  - 1 June 2009\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of human rights lawyer Pu Zhiqiang in his office with book on Tiananmen in foreground \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of Pu, who was on Tiananmen Square during 1989 protests \u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of plain clothes police entering Pu's office while he is on computer UPSOUND (Mandarin) Pu Zhiqiang, Human rights lawyer \"Who are you, do you want anything?\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close of computer screen\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of two plain clothes policemen sitting next to Pu while he does interview \u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Pu Zhiqiang, human rights lawyer: \u003cbr/\u003e\"After the June 4 firing incident, there was not a change in the political structure, but personal views of the leaders were allowed to be taken into account. Discussion of reform of the political system is strictly forbidden. I think 1989 is very different to the situation now. As a child of the 1980s; China in the 1980s was a very vibrant society and full of hope. However, after the incident, people became aware that the Communist Party of China can do anything to protect its own interests.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Beijing, China - 19 November 2008\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close tilt down of shop mannequin, and sign reading \"Atelier Versace\" on shop window \u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of woman trying out new handbag, zoom out of shopper in front of mirror testing out new handbag \u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of woman trying on cosmetics in shop\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China - 2 June 2009\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide of back of author Zhang Lijia\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of Zhang's face\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close of photograph on computer screen showing Zhang leading demonstration in Nanjing in 1989 \u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE (English) Zhang Lijia, author and former political activist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"I think now in China there's a still a cage, but for many people, including many of my fellow marchers, the cage has become so big. You know, they often don't feel the limit, so what's the point of trying to rock the road, rock the boat? So I would not describe the 1989 democratic movement as a failure, I think without the effort then, the government would not have expanded the cage at all.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China - 4 May 2009\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid of protesters throwing leaflets from rooftop \u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide of banners unfurled from rooftop, as protesters throw leaflets on to the ground \u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid of protesters, pan to policeman listening to protesters grievances\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China - March 2009\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid of woman on street crying as she protests near Tiananmen Square during National People's Congress \u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of woman showing photographs of son\u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide of woman being taken away by police\u003cbr/\u003eTaipei, Taiwan - 25 May 2009\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid of former student leader Wu'er Kai Xi, looking at photographs and video from 1989 on his laptop \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close of laptop screen showing former Chinese leader Li Ping and then Wu'er as a young pro-democracy protest leader wearing pyjamas \u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE (English) Wu'er Kai Xi, former student leader \u003cbr/\u003e\"It's never the democracy activists' intention to overthrow the regime, but we want to introduce a multi-party system. We want to have elections. We want to challenge the Communist party through democratic means.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China - 8 May 2009\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide of internet cafe\u003cbr/\u003e32. Mid of internet cafe\u003cbr/\u003e33. Close of screen showing internet\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing, China - 1 June 2009\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin) Pu Zhiqiang, human rights lawyer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Actually, China has changed. For example, after a decade if I'm still working in this office, you are welcome to visit me again. I am sure we will have a better conversation, because there won't be so many people.\" (referring to the police monitoring the interview)\u003cbr/\u003e35. Wide of Pu being interviewed, with policeman listening in background \u003cbr/\u003e36. Close of policeman \u003cbr/\u003e37. Mid of Pu, zoom in to glass on bookshelf with reflection of policeman listening\u003cbr/\u003ePolice saturated Tiananmen Square with security on Thursday's 20th anniversary of the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy activists and an exiled protest leader was blocked from returning home to confront Chinese officials over what he called the \"June 4 massacre\".\u003cbr/\u003eForeign journalists were barred from the vast square as both uniformed and plainclothes police fanned out across the plaza that had been the epicentre of the student-led movement that was crushed by the military on the night of June 3-4, 1989.\u003cbr/\u003eOn the face of it, little has changed in the 20 years since the dramatic events of that night.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever, some would argue that China was forever changed by Tiananmen Square and that subsequent political and economic reforms had their origins in the efforts of those pro-democracy activists and students who came out onto the streets. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 1989, the square was filled with pro-democracy activists and students pushing for further political reform and a halt to the growing corruption within the ranks of the Communist party. \u003cbr/\u003eBut on the night of June 3 and the eve of the 4th, the People's Liberation Army crushed the protests that had carried on for almost two months. \u003cbr/\u003eAmong the thousands of protesters on Tiananmen that night was Pu Zhiqiang, then a law student.\u003cbr/\u003eTwenty years on, he has become a prominent human rights lawyer and a partner at the Huayi Law Firm in Beijing. \u003cbr/\u003eAs he spoke to AP Television, he was joined by plainclothed police officers, who monitored the interview throughout. \u003cbr/\u003eThey did not want to make any comment. \u003cbr/\u003eFollowing the crackdown in 1989, Pu pursued a career aimed at reforming China through its judiciary. \u003cbr/\u003eHe has represented cases involving freedom of speech and human rights issues. \u003cbr/\u003eHe said that 20 years ago, the Chinese government had a chance to follow a path that could guide its country into a more democratic system. \u003cbr/\u003eBut that opportunity evaporated when the party ordered the army to open fire on its citizens. \u003cbr/\u003e\"As a child of the 1980s; China in the 1980s was a very vibrant society and full of hope. However, after the incident, people became aware that Communist Party of China can do anything to protect its own interests,\" he said. \u003cbr/\u003ePu visits the Martyrs' Monument in Tiananmen Square every June 3 to remembers those who died that night - with the exception of two years when he was barred by police from attending.\u003cbr/\u003eThis year, authorities confined many dissidents to house arrest or forced them to leave Beijing, as they ramped up efforts to prevent commemorations of those who died in the military crackdown.\u003cbr/\u003eSome say the clampdown on the 1989 demonstrations enabled the Communist party to maintain social and political stability, while at the same time reforming the economic structure of the country. \u003cbr/\u003eThirty years ago this month, China's communist leaders launched an economic revolution, opening the door to free market reforms and foreign trade, though not to political change.\u003cbr/\u003eChina's economy has since grown into the world's fourth-largest behind the US, Japan and Germany, and annual per capita income has soared to about 19-thousand yuan (2,760 US dollars) last year, up from just 380 yuan (56 US dollars) in 1978.\u003cbr/\u003eAlong with market reforms, the vast majority of the Chinese people have experienced greater prosperity than any other time in recent history, and China as a country has gained an unprecedented economic strength. \u003cbr/\u003eVirtually all Chinese families now have at least one television and, in the cities, a washing machine, rare items three decades ago. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the past 10 years, China has seen record economic growth and a boom in consumer consumption. \u003cbr/\u003eCritics say the hunger for social reform has been quenched by the thirst for the latest designer branded goods. \u003cbr/\u003eFor former protester turned author, Zhang Lijia, the demonstrations on the Square paved the way for an opening up of China, and sweeping reform. \u003cbr/\u003eZhang once worked in a factory producing missiles to reach North America during the days of the Cold War. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 1989, she organised a demonstration in Nanjing in support of the Tiananmen Square protesters. \u003cbr/\u003eTwenty years on, the successful author said the government had managed to expand the \"cage\" wide enough to discourage the educated classes from trying to change the status quo. \u003cbr/\u003eBut any form of public dissent and perceived challenges to the Chinese communist party are still severely punished by the government. \u003cbr/\u003eThe economic growth has brought to China many social problems as a result of a widening gap between the rich and poor. \u003cbr/\u003eIn China's capital, people often gather outside government buildings, holding aloft their letters of complaints and calling for redress for illegal housing evictions, lack of access to fair trials, government seizures of land and many diverse cases corruption.  \u003cbr/\u003eTheir pleas are not only often ignored by the system, but many protesters see themselves being carried away to detention centres and sometimes mental institutions. \u003cbr/\u003eThese people are known in China as the \"petitioners\" - they follow a centuries-old tradition from the time of the emperors that held hearings to learn about corruption cases within their kingdom. \u003cbr/\u003eMany come to Beijing to ask the central government to complain about abuses by local officials.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe number of protests has rapidly increased in recent years.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a rare announcement, the Chinese government said in 2005 that more than 74-thousand protests had taken place the previous year, involving more than three (m) million people. \u003cbr/\u003eBut harsh restrictions remain, with many former student activists and democracy activists unable to return to China following their involvement in the 1989 democratic movement. \u003cbr/\u003eOne of the best known leaders, Wu'er Kai Xi, rose to fame by haranguing then-Chinese premier Li Peng as a pyjama-clad hunger striker at a televised meeting during the 1989 protests.\u003cbr/\u003ePlaced Number 2 on the government's list of 21 wanted student leaders after the military crushed the protests, he escaped from China and now lives in exile in Taiwan, where he has worked as a businessman and political commentator.\u003cbr/\u003eWu'er said he continued to feel enormous guilt for the lost lives during the Tiananmen crackdown. \u003cbr/\u003eHe said the demonstrations on the Square were intended to bring about multi-party elections, not to overthrow the government. \u003cbr/\u003e\"It's never the democracy activists' intention to overthrow the regime, but we want to introduce multi-party system. We want to have elections. We want to challenge the Communist party through democratic means,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eIn recent years, citizens have used the internet to push for judicial reform. \u003cbr/\u003ePu Zhiqiang agreed that civil society in China was challenging the system.  \u003cbr/\u003eDespite its problems, he remained optimistic about China's future and said that very possibly in another 10 years, China could enjoy much more freedom and that he would not have to be interviewed with police sitting in.\u003cbr/\u003eReformers can only hope that in the next 20 years there will be a further opening up of China, both economically and politically.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead 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