{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Scientists in race against time to find cure for deadly bat disease' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c2ded8eafeecae15cf5c' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c2ded8eafeecae15cf5c' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nScientists in race against time to find cure for deadly bat disease\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP Television Perryville, Missouri - March 8, 20121. Close, zooms out of hibernating bat in Missouri cave2. Wide biologists taking samples from cave and bats3. Close biologist swabbing hibernating bat4. Close Tony Elliott taking samples...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003ePerryville, Missouri - March 8, 2012\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close, zooms out of hibernating bat in Missouri cave\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide biologists taking samples from cave and bats\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close biologist swabbing hibernating bat\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close Tony Elliott taking samples from where bat is roosting, inspecting bat and returning it to its perch\u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tony Elliott, Wildlife Ecologist, Missouri Department of Conservation:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We''re on the leading edge of the spread of White Nose. So, we can potentially figure out some ways to detect it early.\"\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close Elliott returning bat to its perch\u003cbr/\u003e7. Zoom in on Elliott swabbing bat\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close Elliott sealing sample in vial\u003cbr/\u003e9. Tilt down from bat to Elliott and fellow biologist\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide biologists inspecting cave walls\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ann Froschauer, National White-Nose Syndrome Communications Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is helping us to understand what our pre-disease bat population looked like, so that we can think down the road in terms of conservation and recovery and what those potential effects might be.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Zoom in on group of hibernating bats\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ann Froschauer, National White-Nose Syndrome Communications Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003cbr/\u003e\"Bats are the primary predator of night-flying insects. That includes a lot of things like moths and beetles, which are in turn agricultural and forest pests. So, recent research has looked at those services that bats provide to American farmers and found that it''s, at the low end, about $3 billion a year.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eMadison, Wisconsin - March 16, 2012\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide of wildlife pathologist preparing for necropsy of bat at National Wildlife Health Center\u003cbr/\u003e15. Mid Meteyer performing necropsy\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close bat during necropsy\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close Meteyer\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid Meteyer cutting samples of bat organs and pan to sample container\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Carol Meteyer, Wildlife Pathologist, USGS National Wildlife Health Center:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We''ve looked in the publications and, as far as vertebrates go, that population decline in that short period of time is not matched for an infectious disease. So, it''s definitely a crisis and trying to determine how to slow it, how to contain it, how to cure it would be ideal. We''re dealing with some very unique situations with this fungus, the host and the environment.\"\u003cbr/\u003eUS Government Handout\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of cluster of bats in cave\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close same\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close infected bat\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close nose with white fuzz of Geomyces destructans\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eMadison, Wisconsin - March 16, 2012\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Carol Meteyer, Wildlife Pathologist, USGS National Wildlife Health Center:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If the bats can get through hibernation, they can get out and forage, get nutrition. Their normal immune system comes back as their temperature rises. And, we do know that they recover from this infection.\"\u003cbr/\u003eUS Government Handout\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various of infected bats at Massachusetts house in winter\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eMadison, Wisconsin - March 16, 2012\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Blehert, Microbiologist, USGS National Wildlife Health Center:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Rather than going into the cave with a disinfectant that would be maybe equivalent to dropping a nuclear bomb in a cave, where you''re going in and just killing all the microorganisms, which could have unintended consequences that we can''t even begin to claim we understand. We could go in with some mechanism that only targets Geomyces Destructans.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003ePerryville, Missouri - March 8, 2012\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close endangered Indiana bat\u003cbr/\u003e28. Pan from Froschauer photographing Indiana bat to Elliott taking notes\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tony Elliott, Wildlife Ecologist, Missouri Department of Conservation:\u003cbr/\u003e\"You have to have hope that there''s going to be something different, maybe that we don''t know. Can''t even speculate on what that would be. But, if there could be something different, that the impact isn''t as bad when it arrives.\"\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close Elliott handling samples in cave\u003cbr/\u003e31. Mid Elliott preparing to swab bat, pans to bat and zooms in as bat opens jaws and extends wings \u003cbr/\u003eUp to 7 million bats have been wiped out in the U.S. over the last five years by a deadly disease that is rapidly spreading across the country.\u003cbr/\u003eWhite Nose Syndrome kills 95% of the bats that catch it.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists are now in a race against time to discover what causes the disease and how to stop it.  \u003cbr/\u003eDeep underground in the U.S. midwestern state of Missouri, this bat is on the brink of  losing the war White Nose Syndrome.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists across the country are fanning out underground and working in laboratories to detect the deadly disease and try to find a way to stop it.\u003cbr/\u003eBiologists recently confirmed the illness has crossed the Mississippi River into Missouri, meaning it is now in 19 American states and four Canadian provinces.\u003cbr/\u003eGovernment scientists estimate the disease has killed somewhere between 5.7 million and 6.7 million bats since its discovery in a New York cave five years ago.\u003cbr/\u003eWith more than 6,000 caves, Missouri offers a lot of prime bat habitat. \u003cbr/\u003eIt also is on the front line of the steadily spreading epidemic. \u003cbr/\u003eIn this cave biologists in protective suits are swabbing hibernating bats and their roosting spots to look for the spores that cause the syndrome. \u003cbr/\u003eThey hope to develop better techniques for detecting the spores and potentially find ways to slow its spread. \u003cbr/\u003eBiologist Tony Elliott is head of the White Nose programme at the Missouri Department of Conservation.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"We''re on the leading edge of the spread of White Nose. So, we can potentially figure out some ways to detect it early.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe spores can spread from bat to bat, or be carried by people who enter an infected cave and then explore a clean one. \u003cbr/\u003eSo, the biologists sterilise all their gear and wear protective suits. \u003cbr/\u003eGeomyces destructans, the fungus that causes White Nose, is not harmful to people - it only grows at temperatures below 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 Celsius - the temperature of hibernating bats.\u003cbr/\u003eSince there is no known cure, scientists are trying to pinpoint where it has spread, quarantine hot spots and take population counts in clean areas before the illness arrives. \u003cbr/\u003eAnn Froschauer, National White-Nose Syndrome Communications Leader at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service says there is a 95 to 100% mortality rate in some sites in the Northeast and the disease is continuing to spread:\u003cbr/\u003eShe adds: \"This is helping us to understand what our pre-disease bat population looked like, so that we can think down the road in terms of conservation and recovery and what those potential effects might be.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWhite Nose isn''t just a problem for bats. \u003cbr/\u003eFroschauer explains: \"Bats are the primary predator of night-flying insects. That includes a lot of things like moths and beetles, which are in turn agricultural and forest pests. So, recent research has looked at those services that bats provide to American farmers and found that it''s, at the low end, about $3 billion a year.\" \u003cbr/\u003eA few hundred miles away, at the U.S. Geological Survey''s National Wildlife Health Center, scientists perform necropsies on bats sent from all over the country.  It was here that the deadly fungus was first identified and named.\u003cbr/\u003eWildlife Pathologist, Carol Meteyer says in nearly two decades working at the centre she has seen everything from West Nile Virus to widespread illness among frogs. But this one is different:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We''ve looked in the publications and, as far as vertebrates go, that population decline in that short period of time is not matched for an infectious disease. So, it''s definitely a crisis and trying to determine how to slow it, how to contain it, how to cure it would be ideal. We''re dealing with some very unique situations with this fungus, the host and the environment.\"\u003cbr/\u003eScientists still don''t know how the fungus kills the bats. \u003cbr/\u003eWhat is known is that it damages wing membranes and grows across the skin of hibernating bats. A bat''s wings are important for regulating it''s metabolism and retaining moisture and heat.\u003cbr/\u003eThe current theory is that this causes bats to wake early from hibernation and burn off the fat stores they need to survive through winter. \u003cbr/\u003eMeteyer says: \"If the bats can get through hibernation, they can get out and forage, get nutrition. Their normal immune system comes back as their temperature rises. And, we do know that they recover from this infection.\" \u003cbr/\u003eBut, when bats awake during winter, there are no insects to eat and they are exposed to freezing temperatures from which they can''t recover.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists have sequenced the genome of Geomyces destructans and are comparing it to similar, but more benign fungi, hoping to spot weaknesses.\u003cbr/\u003eMicrobiologist David Blehert identified Geomyces destructans as the cause of White Nose Syndrome. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says that if they manage to discover the specific mechanism by which the fungus is a pathogen they would be able to develop strategies to specifically intervene and then disrupt those mechanisms:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Rather than going into the cave with a disinfectant that would be maybe equivalent to dropping a nuclear bomb in a cave, where you''re going in and just killing all the microorganisms, which could have unintended consequences that we can''t even begin to claim we understand. We could go in with some mechanism that only targets Geomyces destructans.\" \u003cbr/\u003eBack in Missouri, an endangered Indiana bat returns to its slumber after being swabbed by Elliott''s team. It and several other bat species may simply vanish for good if scientists can''t find a solution. Such a mass extinction hits hard. \u003cbr/\u003eElliott says: \"You have to have hope that there''s going to be something different, maybe that we don''t know. Can''t even speculate on what that would be. But, if there could be something different, that the impact isn''t as bad when it arrives.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThough all they can do now is document the spread of the disease, Elliott and his team hold out hope that this ancient and vital species will survive in the U.S.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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