{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Pakistan\u0026#39;s mangroves are disappearing' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c270d8eafeecae159b96' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c270d8eafeecae159b96' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPakistan\u0026#39;s mangroves are disappearing\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eKarachi - October 2008 1. Top shot of Karachi showing port area2. Close of Karachi coastal area showing mangrove trees3. Shot of Experts team leaving for the mangrove forest in coastal Sonmiani, Balochistan province4. Close shot of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eKarachi - October 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Top shot of Karachi showing port area\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close of Karachi coastal area showing mangrove trees\u003cbr/\u003e3. Shot of Experts team leaving for the mangrove forest in coastal Sonmiani, Balochistan province\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close shot of female researcher wearing life jacket\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide boat \u003cbr/\u003e6. Local fishermen on boat.\u003cbr/\u003e7. Shot of researcher looking towards the mangrove forest using binocular.\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide shot of mangrove forest.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Shot of research team members entering the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e10. Various researchers in forest\u003cbr/\u003e11. Various mangrove forest.\u003cbr/\u003e12. Researcher collecting bacteria \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close shot of bacteria \u003cbr/\u003e14. Various researcher collecting mangrove leaves \u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Coin-ad-din Ahem, Plant Ecologist, Urdu University, Karachi:\u003cbr/\u003e\"In this area mangrove forests are supposed to be spread on 25, 26 thousand acres, but during the last twenty, thirty years it has been rapidly reduced. Due to cutting for fuel purposes. And because there is no management plan over here these forests are decreasing day by day. These are very important forests and Pakistan is very lucky to have mangrove forests.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide mangrove forest.\u003cbr/\u003e17. Shot of researchers crossing through muddy land to reach deep into the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e18. Shot of mangrove roots in muddy land\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide shot of pulp sample collection from mangrove trees for laboratory test.\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close shot of rod carrying pulp from the tree.\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Cab Nazi, Natural Recuse Management (NRM) Co-coordinator, World Wildlife Fund (WWF): \u003cbr/\u003e\"The biggest reason for the decline of mangroves in the delta is actually lack of fresh water coming downstream in the Indus (river), because the Indus brings a lot of sediments which mangroves need to grow. There are no new mangroves growing along the Indus Delta. That compacted by a lot of out (unintelligible) pressure such as camel grazing, collection for fuel wood, development along the Karachi coast line, collection for grazing, for wood.\" \u003cbr/\u003e22. Cutaway shot of WWF logo\u003cbr/\u003e23. Shot of local villager in the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close shot of chopped of mangrove tree.\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE: (Urdu) Mohammad Buksh, Villager: \u003cbr/\u003e\"People cut these trees for their requirements. They burn it as fuel and some type of mangrove wood used to construct houses.\"\u003cbr/\u003e26. Shot of boat during the return journey.\u003cbr/\u003e27. Shot of dolphin \u003cbr/\u003e28. Shot of bird flying over sea \u003cbr/\u003e29. Various of mangrove plantation nursery on the beach of Sonmiani.\u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE: (English) Rab Nawaz, Natural Resource Management (NRM) Co-coordinator, World Wildlife Fund (WWF): \u003cbr/\u003e\"So what we are doing actually is convincing the government to give it to forest department to have one ownership. The forest department have technical people, they know how to grow the mangroves, they know how to look after, they know how to protect them. So they are trying to convince them to give all these mangroves over to the forest department where there is one management department, one management plan, and hopefully they can actually increase and they have, in some places they've done a lot of plantation, we've actually seen an increase in mangrove cover where the forest department has planted. Mangroves are quite easy to plant. You just need to collect the seeds, plant them and the rest is up to the ecological processes. Places where we are working in KT Bundar where the Indus For All programme is working, which is the 6 year programme of WWF we've  started plantations, we had plantations before, we have seen rehabilitation of mangroves eco systems along the coast line. So its not that the government is not doing any thing but approach is maybe not the best one for the mangroves.\"\u003cbr/\u003e31. Rab Nawaz working on laptop in WWF office in Karachi.\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide shot of fishing boats\u003cbr/\u003e33. Various fishermen\u003cbr/\u003e34. Wide shot of fishing boats docked at the beach.\u003cbr/\u003e35. Various fishermen sorting catch.\u003cbr/\u003e36. Various of researchers at the Urdu University, Karachi laboratory\u003cbr/\u003eMangrove forests on the coast of Pakistan's largest city Karachi have long acted as a natural defence barrier against tropical cyclones.\u003cbr/\u003eSouthern Pakistan boasts 160,000 hectares of mangrove forest, but many species of mangrove in the area are in decline.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's prompted fears that the city might one day become victim to rising sea levels. \u003cbr/\u003eThe mangrove forests of Pakistan are one the largest areas of arid climate mangroves in the world. \u003cbr/\u003eBut environmentalists say what was once 160,000 hectares of lush mangrove forest has been reduced to 86,000 over the past 50 years.  \u003cbr/\u003eAt one time, eight different species of mangroves could be found in Pakistan, but today only four of them remain.\u003cbr/\u003eThe deteriorating situation is attributed to multiple factors,  but experts believe the biggest threat is a lack of fresh water running downstream into the Indus river - the breeding ground of the forests. \u003cbr/\u003eRab Nawaz is the natural Resource management (NRM) co-coordinator for the World Wildlife Fund. He explains that the water carries sediment into the Indus river which is vital for the mangroves. He adds that the decline is also due to camel grazing, collection of fire wood and development along the Karachi coast line.\u003cbr/\u003eA team of researchers headed by Professor Moinuddin Ahmed from the Urdu University in Karachi are carrying out research in hope of saving these forests that are home to fish, shrimps, crustaceans, oysters, sponges, crabs and snails as well as some 30,000 migratory birds. \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Ahmed believes the forest has deteriorated because no single  management body is responsible for it which leads to no-one accepting responsibility for its care.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe WWF agree - they now hope to convince the government to hand over the entire area to the sole care of the Forest Department.\u003cbr/\u003eNawaz says the expertise the Forest Department  can bring to the area will help regenerate the mangroves adding that the regeneration of mangroves in certain areas is already apparent due to plantations by the Forest 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