{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='The rising cost of a 21st century wedding' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c262d8eafeecae159523' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c262d8eafeecae159523' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nThe rising cost of a 21st century wedding\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionKarachi, 28 January 20131. Various of bride Ambreen Mehboob with covered face being escorted by relatives (holding traditional 'dupatta' over her head) for 'mehndi' ceremony 2. Bride's relatives holding sweets and delicacies...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 28 January 2013\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various of bride Ambreen Mehboob with covered face being escorted by relatives (holding traditional 'dupatta' over her head) for 'mehndi' ceremony \u003cbr/\u003e2. Bride's relatives holding sweets and delicacies for bride and groom to taste\u003cbr/\u003e3. Bridegroom, Muhammad Adnan, sitting next to covered bride\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (Urdu) Syed Matloob Ali, Ambreen Mehboob's uncle :\u003cbr/\u003e\"Those belonging to the lower classes make their budgets accordingly, as do those belonging to the middle class. So it depends on your economic class. It is your economic class that determines the amount you spend. So, people belonging to the middle class start saving up for the wedding arrangements once their daughter reaches the eight or the tenth grade (age 11 or 12). And, I think, that an average marriage costs around 1.2 to 1.5 million Pakistani Rupees (12 thousand US dollars). And if someone has two daughters then it becomes very difficult for them to get them married.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Various of family performing marriage rituals with flowers and henna\u003cbr/\u003e6. Relative taking photographs of bride and groom \u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide of marriage ceremony\u003cbr/\u003e8. De-focus of ceremony lighting \u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 1 February 2013\u003cbr/\u003e9. Spotlight on arrival of bride, escorted by her brother, at marriage ceremony\u003cbr/\u003e10. Bride and her brother getting showered in confetti \u003cbr/\u003e11. Bride being handed over to groom in symbolic ritual lit by disco lights \u003cbr/\u003e12. Various of bride and groom standing stage lit by disco lights \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of disco light \u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 28 January 2013\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (Urdu) Syed Ayazuddin, Ambreen Mehboob's cousin :\u003cbr/\u003e\"The thing is that this has become fashionable in Pakistan. Whether it's the richest of the rich or the poorest of the poor, everyone has the desire to do the best that they can for their children's weddings. People spend their entire life savings on these elaborate functions. This has become a part of our society now and we have to do it. People don't have a choice anymore as it's sort of compulsory.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 1 February 2013\u003cbr/\u003e15. Various of bride and groom with family for photo \u003cbr/\u003e16. Relatives bidding bride symbolic farewell\u003cbr/\u003e17. Bride, Ambreen, and groom, Adnan, leaving marriage hall\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 4 February 2013\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (English) Nazish Brohi, Social Analyst \u003cbr/\u003e\"I think it is something that is performed; and anything that is kind of played out in a public theatre then becomes a spectacle. And necessarily there are kind of mores and social expectations and pressures that work on people. And, of course, we occasionally hear of people going into debt to be kind of be able to finance these things. It also, I think, ties up into a very strange kind of history of philanthropy in Pakistan because we have kind of bought into this logic that marriages must be this kind of a statement and we must have dowries and I think that is something that you really need to look into the pressure of dowry along with marriage.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 2 January 2013\u003cbr/\u003e19. Bride, Umtus Sanna, being escorted by her friends and relatives with the 'dupatta' \u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of bride and groom, Muhammad Ali Mirza, taking their place at 'mehendi' ceremony \u003cbr/\u003e21. Various of female friends and relatives doing a dance \u003cbr/\u003e22. People at ceremony watching dance\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE (English) Nousheen Ashraf, Wedding guest :\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's a rat race and everybody, perhaps, just wants to be the best. And they want to show their cousins and family and friends that their marriages, that their wedding functions were the best. In fact, when I got married, we made sure, I and my husband, that we don't spend a lot of money on the wedding.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKarachi, 4 January 2013\u003cbr/\u003e24. Family sitting for photo at wedding reception of Umtus Sanna and Muhammad Ali Mirza\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE (English) Muhammad Ali Mirza, Groom :\u003cbr/\u003e\"My advice would be to plan everything on an Excel sheet, including guest list and all the expenses and everything. Apart from that, it's about how much you can afford. One should not go beyond his means to, you know, make something happen that might not. So I'd just say, 'look at your means and go with that'.\" \u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of bride's hands \u003cbr/\u003e27. Mid of bride and groom couple sitting on the stage\u003cbr/\u003e28. Pan of guests at reception\u003cbr/\u003e29. Various of guests eating \u003cbr/\u003eIt's wedding season in Pakistan, and that means lavish clothing, food and jewellery.\u003cbr/\u003eParents in more well-to-do families often begin saving for their daughter's big day when she's just 11 or 12 because they know it'll cost around thousands of dollars to hold an event to remember.\u003cbr/\u003eA typical Pakistani wedding is a series of communal celebrations and ceremonies with family and friends invited to share in the joy of a couple being brought together.\u003cbr/\u003eBride Ambreen Mehboob is taking part in the 'mehndi ' ceremony and her relatives are a holding a traditional 'dupatta' over her head.\u003cbr/\u003eAt this ceremony henna stain is put on the bride's hands and oil on the groom's hair.\u003cbr/\u003eRelatives bring traditional sweets and treats to offer the couple.\u003cbr/\u003eGroom Muhammad Adnan sits next to his bride.\u003cbr/\u003eBoth Ambreen and her groom are part of Pakistan's emerging lower-middle and middle class and their marriage is likely to be one of the biggest events of their lives. It calls for a grand celebration.\u003cbr/\u003eAn average wedding in Pakistan has at the very least three separate functions. \u003cbr/\u003eThere are numerous other smaller events which serve as preparation for the main ceremonies. \u003cbr/\u003eFriends and relatives arrive from far away, and everyone works day and night to ensure the rituals and ceremonies go off without a hitch.\u003cbr/\u003eThe bride's uncle Syed Matloob Ali says what a family can spend on a wedding is often dictated by their social standing.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Those belonging to the lower classes make their budgets accordingly, as do those belonging to the middle class. So it depends on your economic class. It is your economic class that determines the amount you spend. So, people belonging to the middle class start saving up for the wedding arrangements once their daughter reaches the eight or the tenth grade (age 11 or 12). And, I think, that an average marriage costs around 1.2 to 1.5 million Pakistani Rupees (12 thousand US dollars). And if someone has two daughters then it becomes very difficult for them to get them married.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIt is the parents of the bride who generally bear the brunt of the wedding expenses. \u003cbr/\u003eThey decide whether wedding celebrations will be ostentatious or austere. \u003cbr/\u003eBut as there is a lot of social emphasis put on weddings, they are usually as lavish as the families can afford.\u003cbr/\u003eAlso considered are the amount of money contributed by the groom's family and the expectations of relatives.\u003cbr/\u003ePeople sometimes spend entire life savings on one wedding, and will even go into debt to put on a good show.\u003cbr/\u003e Ambreen and Muhammad's marriage ceremony is accompanied by disco lights and music.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a symbolic ritual, Ambreen is handed over to the groom's family.\u003cbr/\u003eFriends and relatives are invited to another event which again involves a venue, new clothing, different jewellery and extensive catering. It all costs money.\u003cbr/\u003eAmbreen's cousin Syed Ayazuddin says lavish weddings are now the trend but it should not have to be this way.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The thing is that this has become fashionable in Pakistan. Whether it's the richest of the rich or the poorest of the poor, everyone has the desire to do the best that they can for their children's weddings. People spend their entire life savings on these elaborate functions. This has become a part of our society now and we have to do it. People don't have a choice anymore as it's sort of compulsory.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAmbreen is bid farewell by her own family and the couple leave the marriage hall.\u003cbr/\u003eSocial analyst and academic Nazish Brohi says marriages have turned into a social show.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think it is something that is performed and anything that is kind of played out in a public theatre then becomes a spectacle. And necessarily there are kind of mores and social expectations and pressures that work on people. And, of course, we occasionally hear of people going into debt to be kind of be able to finance these things. It also, I think, ties up to a very strange kind of history of philanthropy in Pakistan. Because we have kind of bought into this logic that marriages must be this kind of a statement and we must have dowries and I think that is something that you really need to look into the pressure of dowry along with marriage.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDowries are another aspect of Pakistani marriages.\u003cbr/\u003eThe bride's family are required to pay a mutually agreed upon sum to the newlyweds in order to give them a head-start in their new life. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is one of the events for the wedding of bride Umtus Sanna and groom Muhammad Ali Mirza. \u003cbr/\u003eFemale friends and relatives dance to entertain the guests.\u003cbr/\u003eWedding guest Nousheen Ashraf says people strive to outdo each other with weddings.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's a rat race and everybody, perhaps, just wants to be the best. And they want to show their cousins and family and friends that their marriage, that their wedding functions were the best. In fact, when I got married, we made sure, I and my husband, that we don't spend a lot of money on the wedding.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHighly educated and well-established in their respective professions, Umtus and Muhammad agreed before the celebrations began that the two families needed to come to an agreement on the wedding expenses. \u003cbr/\u003eThey say they wanted a spending limit set and that one family should not try to outspend the other.\u003cbr/\u003eMuhammad Ali Mirza, a graduate of one of Pakistan's premier business schools, says to keep costs under control it is wise to plan everything in advance.\u003cbr/\u003e\"My advice would be to plan everything on an Excel sheet, including guest list and all the expenses and everything. Apart from that, it's about how much you can afford. One should not go beyond his means to, you know, make something happen that might not. So I'd just say, 'look at your means and go with that'.\" \u003cbr/\u003eNonetheless the couple did enjoy a sumptuous series of wedding events. They were lavishly dressed throughout and fed and entertained hundreds of friends and family.\u003cbr/\u003eSo while more and more people talk of having simpler and cheaper weddings in the future, it remains to be seen if such strong traditions can be broken.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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