{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Ivory Coast - Presidential Elections / Post-election tension / Two candidates claim victory' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c243d8eafeecae158653' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c243d8eafeecae158653' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nIvory Coast - Presidential Elections / Post-election tension / Two candidates claim victory\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eIvory Coast - President, opposition leader cast votes in presidential ballotAbidjan - 31 Oct 20101. Incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo showing ballot to media before casting voteCocody neighbourhood, Abidjan - 31 Oct 20102. Former...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eIvory Coast - President, opposition leader cast votes in presidential ballot\u003cbr/\u003eAbidjan - 31 Oct 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo showing ballot to media before casting vote\u003cbr/\u003eCocody neighbourhood, Abidjan - 31 Oct 2010\u003cbr/\u003e2. Former president Henri Konan Bedie casting ballot\u003cbr/\u003eOpposition leader vote in presidential ballot\u003cbr/\u003eAbidjan - 31 Oct 2010\u003cbr/\u003e3. Presidential candidate Alassane Ouattara entering polling station\u003cbr/\u003e4. Zoom into Ouattara surrounded by press casting ballot\u003cbr/\u003eIvory Coast - Gbagbo sworn in as president after disputed elex\u003cbr/\u003eAbidjan - 4 Dec 2010\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo, wearing red presidential sash, pull out as he greets supporters\u003cbr/\u003eIvory Coast - Several killed as presidential standoff continues\u003cbr/\u003eNear Golf Hotel, Abidjan - 16 Dec 2010\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid shot member of militia supporting Alassane Ouattara gesticulating, near the United Nations-protected Golf Hotel, where Ouattara has attempted to govern while incumbent Laurent Gbagbo rules from the presidential palace\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid shot of UN vehicle arriving, peacekeepers in the back\u003cbr/\u003e8. Man gesticulating, wearing banana leaf hat\u003cbr/\u003e9. Men in khaki uniforms walking past UN vehicle, wearing blue cloth on their sleeves to indicate that they are working with the UN and support the election of Alassane Ouattara\u003cbr/\u003e10. UN peacekeeper in blue helmet goes by\u003cbr/\u003e11. Members of militia loyal to Ouattara, wearing blue cloth on their sleeves to indicate that they are working with the UN and support the election of Alassane Outtara\u003cbr/\u003e12. Members of militia loyal to Ouattara walking through crowd of Ouattara supporters \u003cbr/\u003eOn October 31st 2010 the West African nation of Ivory Coast held a long-awaited presidential election, the first since civil war erupted in 2002 and split the world's leading cocoa producer in half. \u003cbr/\u003eMillions of people here are hoping the repeatedly delayed poll will reunite the divided country and restore stability after more than a decade of chaos and tension. \u003cbr/\u003eBut with ex-rebels still armed in the north, powerful militias running free in the west and militants on all sides who don't want to lose, many also fear the political contest could unleash a new era of unrest. \u003cbr/\u003eVoting booths opened nationwide, including in the former rebel stronghold of Bouake in the north and the main city Abidjan. \u003cbr/\u003eVoters placed their ballots in clear plastic urns and had their index fingers dipped in indelible purple ink.\u003cbr/\u003eSome residents have been stocking up on food and fuel, fearing riots or street clashes could break out.\u003cbr/\u003eIncumbent President Laurent Gbagbo, 65, whose official five-year mandate expired in 2005, is facing 13 challengers. \u003cbr/\u003eThe heavyweights among them are 68-year-old opposition leader Alassane Ouattara, who is wildly popular in the pro-rebel north, and 76-year-old ex-president Henri Konan Bedie, who was toppled in 1999 during the country's first coup.\u003cbr/\u003eIf no candidate wins a simple majority, the top two finishers will face off in a second round November 28.\u003cbr/\u003eBedie cast his ballot at a highschool in Abidjan's upper class Cocody neighbourhood, surrounded by bodyguards and a mass throng of journalists.\u003cbr/\u003eHe said elections have been calm so far and he was \"satisfied.\"\u003cbr/\u003eGeneral Abdul Hafiz, the military head of the 9,000 strong UN peacekeeping operations in Ivory Coast, also said voting was calm so far and people had come out in massive numbers. \u003cbr/\u003eHe said troops were patrolling intensively.\u003cbr/\u003eLong lines were reported across the nation. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Abidjan, voters queued up in some places in the pre-dawn darkness as early as 4 a.m.\u003cbr/\u003eThe 1999 coup shattered the former French colony's reputation as a beacon of political stability in the region. \u003cbr/\u003eBut worse was to come. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 2002, fighting erupted for several days in skyscraper-lined Abidjan itself, once known as the \"Paris of Africa\" for its cosmopolitan nightlife and chic boutiques.\u003cbr/\u003eMonths of civil war followed, leaving the nation divided between a rebel-held north and a loyalist south. \u003cbr/\u003eAmid the stalemate, businesses died off and expatriates fled as the nation fell into a state of economic decline. \u003cbr/\u003eBut not everyone lost out: rebels profited handsomely from the diamond and gold trade. \u003cbr/\u003eAnd in the south, exports of cocoa - the raw material for chocolate - have boomed; Over the past eight years, government crude oil exports have risen six-fold to 60-thousand barrels per day. \u003cbr/\u003eA breakthrough came in 2007 with a peace deal that saw rebel leader Guillaume Soro appointed prime minister in a unity government. \u003cbr/\u003eA UN-patrolled buffer zone disappeared, and a roadmap for elections was drawn up. \u003cbr/\u003eBut the rebels were never disarmed - they merely returned to barracks and kept wearing patches identifying them as members of the New Forces rebel movement.\u003cbr/\u003eMeanwhile, armed militias numbering in the tens of thousands who filled the security vacuum in western Ivory Coast also remain a threat. \u003cbr/\u003eSome hold such sway that they have been able to prevent all the top three candidates from holding rallies in the western town of Guiglo in recent weeks, Traore Drissa, a prominent lawyer who runs the Abidjan-based Ivorian Movement for Human Rights said. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to New York-based Human Rights Watch, banditry, violence, and rape are widespread in the region, and the rule of law there has disintegrated with no functioning trial courts or prisons. \u003cbr/\u003eMajor progress has been made, but the most crucial issue - deciding who would legitimately be allowed to vote in Sunday's election - has taken years.\u003cbr/\u003eOf Ivory Coast's 20 (m) million people, more than a quarter are foreign immigrants who came to work on cocoa and coffee plantations. \u003cbr/\u003eDifferentiating them from native Ivorians with roots in neighbouring countries has been profoundly contentious.\u003cbr/\u003eGbagbo's party believes countless foreigners have falsified documents to vote in an opposition- and rebel-fuelled bid to skew the poll, while opposition leaders contend the process has merely helped cement legitimate rights to citizenship. \u003cbr/\u003eDespite perceived imperfections, though, all parties have accepted the list and the UN - which has around 9-thousand peacekeepers here - has deemed it \"credible.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLast month, Gbagbo officially validated the final 5.7-million-person voter roll, and only in the weeks since has the government begun handing out millions of new identity cards. \u003cbr/\u003eAn estimated 400 (m) million US dollars has been spent identifying voters and issuing state-of-the-art biometric IDs, prompting some observers to call it the most expensive election in the world.\u003cbr/\u003eOn December 4th Incumbent Ivory Coast's President Laurent Gbagbo was sworn in for a new term even though the United Nations and world leaders maintain his opponent won the disputed election, that was the West African nation's first since a civil war.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a bold sign Gbagbo would not bow to international pressure to concede defeat, he wrapped himself in the Ivorian flag as he took his oath at the presidential palace.\u003cbr/\u003eHours later, opposition candidate Alassane Ouattara announced that he too had taken his own oath.\u003cbr/\u003eOn December 8th the top UN envoy in Ivory Coast said that opposition candidate Alassane Ouattara had won the disputed election by an \"irrefutable margin\" as the international community stepped up pressure on the incumbent to concede defeat.\u003cbr/\u003eLaurent Gbagbo has defied calls to step down, going ahead with his Cabinet announcements on December 7th. \u003cbr/\u003eThe man he chose as foreign minister said he believed the political standoff would ultimately result in a power-sharing agreement.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever, UN envoy Choi Young-jin told a room full of diplomats gathered at UN headquarters in Abidjan on December 8th that Ouattara was the clear victor.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The will of the Ivorian people points to one conclusion, that the people have chosen one person, not two, as the winner of the presidential elections,\" Choi Said.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The Ivorian people have chosen Mr Alassane Ouattara with an irrefutable margin as the winner over Mr Laurent Gbagbo in the presidential elections.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAt a news conference on December 8th, Ouattara, also called on Gbagbo to respect the results. \u003cbr/\u003e\"The Conference of Heads of State and Government invites Mr Gbagbo to respect the election results without delay, in the best interests of the Ivory Coast,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eIt is unclear what the international community can do if Gbagbo refuses to step down. \u003cbr/\u003eIf he does not go voluntarily, removing him would require a military intervention since he appears to have the backing of his own army.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce considered an African success story, Ivory Coast's economy was destroyed by the 2002-2003 civil war. \u003cbr/\u003eGbagbo, who was president when the war broke out, failed to hold elections in 2005 when his term expired because armed rebels still controlled the northern half of the country.\u003cbr/\u003eThe country remained in political deadlock, with repeated outbursts of fighting, until 2007, when a deal was signed by all the parties paving the way for the election.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the three years that followed, the ballot was rescheduled at least six times, with Gbagbo complaining over technicalities regarding the voter roll and the makeup of the electoral commission.\u003cbr/\u003eThe electoral commission initially announced that Ouattara had won the election. \u003cbr/\u003eThe following day, the constitutional council headed by a Gbagbo loyalist announced in fact Gbagbo had been re-elected. \u003cbr/\u003eThe council threw out half a million ballots from Ouattara strongholds, saying that pro-Gbagbo voters had been intimidated.\u003cbr/\u003eOn December 8th, Choi said the UN had concluded there were few incidents of violence in the north, and that there were far more reports of problems in the country's west.\u003cbr/\u003eThe continuing uncertainty over what will happen next has led hundreds of people to flee in fear the country may return to war, and the U.N. has ordered the temporary evacuation of about 400 employees.\u003cbr/\u003eOn December 16th gunfire and explosions shook Ivory Coast's main city Abidjan  as supporters and security forces loyal to the two men claiming to be president clashed, killing up to 20 people amid fears the violence could push the country towards another civil war.\u003cbr/\u003eThe bloodshed across Abidjan is part of a risky push to take control of state institutions by Alassane Ouattara, the widely recognised winner of an election that millions once hoped would reunite the West African nation.\u003cbr/\u003eLong streams of light and heavy machine-gunfire and unexplained explosions were audible for 30 to 45 minutes in the streets outside the United Nations-protected Golf Hotel, where Ouattara has attempted to govern while incumbent Laurent Gbagbo rules from the presidential palace.\u003cbr/\u003eThe exchange of fire erupted when rebel troops - who control the north of the country and are helping guard Ouattara - tried to remove makeshift roadblocks on streets near the hotel, Ouattara communications adviser Massere Toure told The Associated Press. \u003cbr/\u003eShe said government forces  wounded three rebels. Both the army and police declined to comment on the fighting.\u003cbr/\u003eElsewhere, riot police fired tear gas and live rounds to disperse gathering protesters in multiple parts of the city. \u003cbr/\u003eOuattara - whose election victory has been acknowledged by the UN, US, France and the African Union - has called on his backers to help him take control of state institutions.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource 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