{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Researchers claim sweets can cause addiction' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c209d8eafeecae156ab4' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c209d8eafeecae156ab4' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nResearchers claim sweets can cause addiction\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionRome, Italy, 16 January 2010 1. Close up of man biting on a large donut.  2. Medium shot of a man biting on a large donut3. Close up of man biting on a large donut4. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Filippo Arena, Customer at a...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eRome, Italy, 16 January 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Close up of man biting on a large donut.  \u003cbr/\u003e2. Medium shot of a man biting on a large donut\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up of man biting on a large donut\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Filippo Arena, Customer at a bakery:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Life is already bitter enough, why not sweeten it up a bit with sugar or other sugary foods.\" \u003cbr/\u003e5. Pan of donuts and pastries arranged on shelf\u003cbr/\u003e6. Medium shot of customers ordering in front of the donut display\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide shot interior of bakery\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eRome, Italy, 14 January 2010\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide shot of Rome skyline\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide shot of the exterior of the Pharmacology Department at Rome University, La Sapienza\u003cbr/\u003e10. Set up shot of Luca Steardo\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close up of journal publication, reading \"CRF System Recruitment of Compulsive Eating.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (Italian), Luca Steardo, Pharmaco-Therapy Professor at Rome University, La Sapienza: \u003cbr/\u003e\"Sugar works like a drug. From a qualitative perspective, we can consider it as such, for its neuro-chemical and neuro-biological effects.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Medium shot of a lab assistant taking a rat from its feeding cage\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close up of rat being petted by lab assistant\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close up of rat sniffing lab assistant''s glove\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide shot of rat inside feeding cage with chow pellets\u003cbr/\u003e17. Closeup of the rat sniffing the chow pellet\u003cbr/\u003e18. Medium shot of rat sticking its head through the feeding cage door to look for food\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE (Italian), Luca Steardo, Pharmaco-Therapy Professor at Rome University, La Sapienza: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The rat that eats very palatable foods, once it is given a more strict, low-calorie, less tasty, less enticing diet, it looses its motivation and eats less. It slowly becomes more anxious, and shows all signs of withdrawal that we know of for both animals and humans, that are denied access to abuse substances.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eRome, Italy, 16 January 2010\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide shot of patisserie cakes on display\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close up of patisserie cake on display\u003cbr/\u003e22. Pan of individual chocolate mousse cakes on display\u003cbr/\u003e23. Tilt up of individual cream mousse cakes with cherries on top\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close up of cellophane wrapped chocolate truffles\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close up of bags of candies inside a basket\u003cbr/\u003e26. Medium shot of a woman selecting bags of candies\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eRome, Italy, 14 January 2010\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (Italian), Luca Steardo, Pharmaco-Therapy Professor at Rome University, La Sapienza: \u003cbr/\u003e\"In humans too, there have been studies showing how CRF receptor antagonism significantly reduces the anxiety, discomfort, in other words, signs of withdrawal. And it also reduces abusive (food) behaviour.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eRome, Italy, 15 January 2010\u003cbr/\u003e28. Wide shot of Rome skyline\u003cbr/\u003e29. Pan of waitress serving chocolate desserts to a young girl at a chocolate bar in Rome\u003cbr/\u003e30. Medium shot of young girls eating chocolate desserts\u003cbr/\u003e31. Close up of a young girl biting into a chocolate-made cup filled with chocolate cream\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close up of cubes of chocolate cake\u003cbr/\u003e33. Close up of various chocolate sweets\u003cbr/\u003e34. Medium shot of a woman eating hot chocolate\u003cbr/\u003e35. Close up of a woman eating hot chocolate and nodding in approval \u003cbr/\u003e36. Set up shot of Vincenzo Campanelli\u003cbr/\u003e37. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vincenzo Campanelli, Director of the Italian Center for Psychogenic Eating Disorders (CIDAP): \u003cbr/\u003e\"In that moment they experience something like an orgasm. I mean, it''s like they lust after it, they can''t wait.\" \u003cbr/\u003e38. Wide shot of tourists picking chocolate bars at a table full of chocolate sweets\u003cbr/\u003e39. Wide shot of tourists sipping chocolate\u003cbr/\u003e40. SOUNDBITE (English) Rachel Jensen, American tourist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"Right after I got married I had the most amazing wedding cake. My in-laws threw away most our wedding cake but they saved one part, just the top for us. And I actually ended up eating it for breakfast everyday for a couple weeks. So, I definitely thinkďż˝.and once it was gone, I felt like I needed more. So I think I could be addicted.\"\u003cbr/\u003e41. Tilt up chocolate bars\u003cbr/\u003e42. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Vincenzo Campanelli, Director of the Italian Center for Psychogenic Eating Disorders (CIDAP): \u003cbr/\u003e\"In food reeducation, we teach people to recognize every situation that can cause their slipping into food neurosis.\" \u003cbr/\u003e42. Medium shot of tourists picking chocolate bars\u003cbr/\u003e43. Mid shot chocolate bars\u003cbr/\u003e44. Tilt down of rows of chocolate bars on display\u003cbr/\u003eSweets can become your drug of choice. \u003cbr/\u003eWhat was once a light pastry-shop joke has now become the stuff of science with researchers hoping their findings could help people with eating disorders.\u003cbr/\u003eAt times it seems like there''s nothing can be more satisfying than biting into a sweet pastry.\u003cbr/\u003eFilippo Arena may be speaking for a lot of people when he says that sweet foods make life worth living.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Life is already bitter enough, why not sweeten it up a bit with sugar or other sugary foods,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eBut sugar and high-energy foods have come under scrutiny by Italian researchers at Boston University''s School of Medicine and Rome University, \"La Sapienza.\" \u003cbr/\u003eLab tests conducted on rats suggest that flavourful foods can cause addiction and withdrawal-like symptoms. \u003cbr/\u003eThe study also observed how abstinence increased the rats'' anxiety level, making them more susceptible to binging.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Pietro Cottone and Dr. Valentina Sabino of Boston University''s School of Medicine, in collaboration with Prof. Luca Steardo of the University of Rome, \"La Sapienza,\" recently published their discovery in the Journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. \u003cbr/\u003eFor 7 weeks, rats were cyclically fed and then deprived of a chocolate-flavored chow. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter only two weeks, the rats began showing anxiety-like symptoms. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Sugar works like a drug,\" says Professor Steardo, \"from a qualitative perspective, we can consider it as such, for its neuro-chemical and neuro-biological effects.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThey also lost interest in their regular chow, binging on the chocolate-flavored chow as soon as it became available.\u003cbr/\u003eNot only was the more palatable food a positive reinforcement for the rats, but it also compromised the rats'' desire for their more regular, less flavourful food. \u003cbr/\u003eResearchers call the effect \"the dark side\" of addiction.\u003cbr/\u003eThe stressed rats that were subjected to cyclical deprivation of chocolate flavored chow, also showed abnormal activity in their amygdala, which is the \"center of pleasure\" in the brain.  \u003cbr/\u003eAmygdala , the brain chemical associated with stress, showed higher levels of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 (CRF-1), a hormone that regulates stress response in the brain.  \u003cbr/\u003eIn only two weeks of alternate dieting, rats that were put through cyclical deprivation showed levels of CRF-1, 70 percent higher than in rats which maintained a steady feeding pattern of regular chow.\u003cbr/\u003eThe anxious rats would normalize their CRF-1 levels only when fed the \"preferred,\" more flavourful chow, inducing them to then binge on it.  \u003cbr/\u003e\"The rat that eats very palatable foods, once it is given a more strict, low-calorie, less tasty, less enticing diet, it looses its motivation and eats less. It slowly becomes more anxious, and shows all signs of withdrawal that we know of for both animals and humans, that are denied access to abuse substances,\" says Professor Steardo.\u003cbr/\u003eSimilar stress-related responses have been found in earlier research on drugs and alcohol withdrawal, according to the article, \"CRF System Recruitment Mediates Dark Side of Compulsive Eating,\" that was published last November. \u003cbr/\u003eFollowing that research model, scientists administered a \"CRF system antagonist,\" a molecule that blocks the stress-related chain of events in the brain, to block the rats'' stress response during abstinence from chocolate-flavored chow.\u003cbr/\u003eAs a result, the rats increased their regular chow intake and ceased binging on the sweeter one.\u003cbr/\u003eThe CRF system antagonist also seemed to reduce the anxiety and nervousness levels present during withdrawal. \u003cbr/\u003eBut administration of the same CRF antagonist in humans caused liver problems. \u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Vincenzo Campanelli, Director of the Italian Center for Psychogenic Eating Disorders (CIDAP), agrees with the scientific premise of the research. \u003cbr/\u003eCampanelli, who has treated bulimia and anorexia for over 30 years, says that patients affected by eating disorders turn to sugar for mental relief. \u003cbr/\u003e\"In that moment they experience something like an orgasm,\" says Campanelli.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut do people even know they''re addicted?\u003cbr/\u003eRachel Jensen says she thinks she could be addicted to chocolate.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Right after I got married I had the most amazing wedding cake. My in-laws threw away most our wedding cake but they saved one part, just the top for us. And I actually ended up eating it for breakfast everyday for a couple weeks. So, I definitely thinkďż˝.and once it was gone, I felt like I needed more. So I think I could be addicted,\" she says.\u003cbr/\u003eBecause of sugar''s immediate affect on the amygdala, Campanelli said that it has the power to relieve people from psychological discomfort, including stress, anxiety and negative emotions.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut to Campanelli, a pharmaceutical approach remains necessary to trigger change in compulsive eaters.  \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, he says, therapy remains the only long-term cure against binging and other food disorders. \u003cbr/\u003e\"In food reeducation, we teach people to recognize every situation that can cause their slipping into food neurosis.\"\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead 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