{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Studies show weight-loss surgery can reverse diabetes' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c1d0d8eafeecae155037' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c1d0d8eafeecae155037' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nStudies show weight-loss surgery can reverse diabetes\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Wide of patient Tamikka McCray, whose diabetes is said to have been cured by weight loss surgery, siting and holding picture2. Close-up pan across insulin needle3. Various of McCray holding photos of herself when she weighed 300...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Wide of patient Tamikka McCray, whose diabetes is said to have been cured by weight loss surgery, siting and holding picture\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close-up pan across insulin needle\u003cbr/\u003e3. Various of McCray holding photos of herself when she weighed 300 pounds (136 kilograms)\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tamikka McCray, former diabetes patient:  \u003cbr/\u003e\"That was the crazy part. I didn't understand that when they came in and they checked it, my sugars were normal, nothing, I left the hospital with no medication.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of McCray walking in corridor \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English): Tamikka McCray, former diabetes patient  \u003cbr/\u003e\"I was in the hospital, we have to look at the chart, maybe, I was in here four days. And I've never been on any, I haven't been on anything since. No insulin, I was on Lantus, Novolog, then they had me on Humalog, then I had the Glucophage 500 twice a day, then at one point they brought that up, then they gave me another extra pill because my sugars were always consistently no matter what I ate it would spike it.\" \u003cbr/\u003e7. Tilt down of New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Hospital/Medical Center building, to entrance \u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid of Francesco Rubino, Chief of Metabolic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, greeting and holding McCray (whom he operated on)\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English): Francesco Rubino, Chief of Metabolic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well for a long time surgery has been seen, bariatric surgery, has been seen as a last resort for treating severely obese patients and primarily has been seen as a weight loss intervention. I think the studies being published this week, and the research that has led to those studies, basically suggest we should regard surgery as a diabetes treatment, not as a weight loss intervention.\" \u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid of Rubino and McCray\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English): Francesco Rubino, Chief of Metabolic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The stomach and intestines are not just a conduit for nutrients but is basically an endocrine organ that controls metabolism very powerfully. So when you change the anatomy of this organ, you change the way hormones regulate metabolic pathways and therefore results in improvements in body weight, diabetes, hyperglycaemia and many other things.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid of surgery department at the hospital\u003cbr/\u003eNew research in the US gives clear proof that weight-loss surgery can reverse and possibly cure diabetes, and doctors say it should be offered sooner to more people with the disease - not just as a last resort.\u003cbr/\u003eThe two studies, released on Monday, are the first to compare stomach-reducing operations to medicines alone for \"diabesity\" - Type 2 diabetes brought on by obesity. \u003cbr/\u003eMillions of Americans have this and cannot make enough insulin or use what they do make to process sugar from food.\u003cbr/\u003eBoth studies found that surgery helped far more patients achieve normal blood-sugar levels than medicines alone did.\u003cbr/\u003eThe results were dramatic. \u003cbr/\u003eSome people were able to stop taking insulin as soon as three days after their operations. \u003cbr/\u003eCholesterol and other heart risk factors also greatly improved.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors do not like to say \"cure\" because they cannot promise a disease will never come back. \u003cbr/\u003eBut in one study, most surgery patients were able to stop all diabetes drugs and have their condition stay in remission for at least two years. \u003cbr/\u003eNone of those treated with medicines alone could do that.\u003cbr/\u003eNew York resident Tamikka McCray was one of the surgery patients. \u003cbr/\u003eThe 39-year-old, who works for the city's department of human services, struggled with obesity for years, like much of her family\u003cbr/\u003eMcCray topped 300 pounds (136 kilograms) and was taking a daily regime of insulin and tablets to fight Type 2 diabetes, but doctors kept telling her the disease was getting worse. \u003cbr/\u003eSo as a last resort, in August of 2010, she underwent weight loss surgery. \u003cbr/\u003eWhen she left the hospital four days later, before any major weight loss, her diabetes had apparently disappeared. \u003cbr/\u003e\"That was the crazy part. I didn't understand that when they came in and they checked it. My sugars were normal, nothing, I left the hospital with no medication,\" McCray said.\u003cbr/\u003eShe has now lost 100 pounds (45 kilograms).\u003cbr/\u003e\"I was in the hospital, we have to look at the chart, maybe, I was in here four days. And I've never been on any, I haven't been on anything since. No insulin,\" McCray said.\u003cbr/\u003eThe studies were published online by the New England Journal of Medicine, and the larger one was presented on Monday at an American College of Cardiology conference in Chicago.\u003cbr/\u003eThere were signs that the surgery itself, not just weight loss, helps reverse diabetes. \u003cbr/\u003eFood makes the gut produce hormones to spur insulin, so trimming away part of it surgically may affect those hormones, doctors believe.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The stomach and intestines are not just a conduit for nutrients but is basically an endocrine organ that controls metabolism very powerfully,\" said one study co-leader, Dr. Francesco Rubino, chief of diabetes surgery at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, who operated on McCray.\u003cbr/\u003e\"So that when you change the anatomy of this organ you change the way hormones regulate metabolic pathways and therefore results in improvements in body weight, diabetes, hyperglycaemia and many other things.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e\"For a long time surgery has been seen, bariatric surgery, has been seen as a last resort for treating severely obese patients and primarily been seen as a weight loss intervention,\" Rubino said.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think the studies being published this week, and the research that has led to those studies, basically suggest we should regard surgery as a diabetes treatment, not as a weight loss intervention,\" he added. \u003cbr/\u003eMore than a third of American adults are obese, and more than 8 percent have diabetes, a major cause of heart disease and strokes. \u003cbr/\u003eBetween five (m) million and 10 (m) million are similar to the people in these studies, with both problems.\u003cbr/\u003eFor a century, doctors have been treating diabetes with tablets and insulin, and encouraging weight loss and exercise with limited success. \u003cbr/\u003eFew very obese people can drop enough weight without surgery, and many of the medicines used to treat diabetes can cause weight gain.\u003cbr/\u003eSurgery offers hope for a long-term fix. \u003cbr/\u003eGastric bypass is the most common type: through \"keyhole\" surgery, doctors reduce the stomach to a small pouch and reconnect it to the small intestine.\u003cbr/\u003eOne previous study tested stomach banding, a less drastic and reversible procedure for limiting the size of the stomach. \u003cbr/\u003eThis technique lowered blood sugar, but those patients had mild diabetes. \u003cbr/\u003eThe new studies tested permanent weight-loss surgery in people with long term, severe diabetes.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the Cleveland Clinic, Dr. Philip Schauer studied 150 people given one of two types of surgery plus standard medicines or a third group given medicines alone. \u003cbr/\u003eTheir A1c levels - the key blood-sugar measure - were over 9 on average at the start.\u003cbr/\u003eA healthy A1c is 6 or below.\u003cbr/\u003eOne year after treatment began, only 12 percent of those treated with medicines alone were at that level, versus 42 percent and 37 percent of the two groups given surgery.\u003cbr/\u003eUse of medicines for high cholesterol and other heart risks dropped among those in the surgery groups but rose in the group on medicines alone.\u003cbr/\u003eAn obesity surgery equipment company sponsored the study, and some of the researchers are paid consultants; the federal government also contributed grant support.\u003cbr/\u003eThe second study was led by Dr. Geltrude Mingrone at the Catholic University in Rome and Dr. Rubino of the New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Hospital. \u003cbr/\u003eIt involved 60 patients given one of two types of surgery or medicines alone, and set a goal of an A1c of 6.5.\u003cbr/\u003eTwo years later, 95 percent and 75 percent of the two surgery groups achieved and maintained the target blood-sugar levels without any diabetes drugs. \u003cbr/\u003eNone of those in the medicine-alone group 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