{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Trial of Michael Jackson\u0026#39;s doctor continues' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c16ed8eafeecae15220b' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c16ed8eafeecae15220b' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTrial of Michael Jackson\u0026#39;s doctor continues\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLos Angeles - 20 Oct 20111. Wide of Dr Steven Shafer, anaesthetist and prosecution witness, talking from witness stand2. Dr Conrad Murray, Michael Jackson's physician, seated in courtroom at defence table3. Wide of prosecutor David...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLos Angeles - 20 Oct 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Dr Steven Shafer, anaesthetist and prosecution witness, talking from witness stand\u003cbr/\u003e2. Dr Conrad Murray, Michael Jackson's physician, seated in courtroom at defence table\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of prosecutor David Walgren speaking to Shafer from podium\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The liver has such powerful mechanisms for metabolizing propofol that only a very small percent can get past the liver. This is a principle that is taught to first-year medical students.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of graphic of human digestive system shown in court to illustrate how oral propofol would be metabolized in the body\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Functionally, it is about 99%.\"\u003cbr/\u003e(Prosecutor David Walgren off camera - \"99% of the drug is removed before it enters...\")\u003cbr/\u003eShafer - \"The body.\"\u003cbr/\u003e(Walgren off camera - \"OK.\")\u003cbr/\u003eShafer - \"Correct.\"\u003cbr/\u003e(Walgren off camera - \"So there would be no reason to expect that oral propofol would have any biological activity in the body.\"\u003cbr/\u003eShafer - \"Correct.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of another graphic of the human digestive system shown in court\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e(Walgren off camera - \"In your April 2011 report, you opined that there is zero possibility...\")\u003cbr/\u003eShafer - \"Absolutely.\"\u003cbr/\u003e(Walgren off camera - \"...that Michael Jackson had died as a result of oral ingestion of propofol.\")\u003cbr/\u003eShafer - \"Absolutely.\" \u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of judge taking notes\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English)  David Walgren, Prosecutor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The findings of Pacific Toxicology, do they support that Michael Jackson ingested orally, tablets of lorazepam during that time period of 8am to noon?\"\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"No, they disprove it.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) David Walgren, Prosecutor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Would you characterize the amount in Michael Jackson's stomach, the 634 nanograms per mililitre, or .047 miligrams, would you characterize that amount as trivial?\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Yes, it's trivial.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Walgren speaking at podium\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The possibility of a direct self-injection seems extremely unlikely. And also, propofol stings. You would not want to inject this into, you would not want to try to inject it into a vein and miss because that would actually be extremely painful.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Tight of slide showing blood levels and brain activity in someone who may have had multiple injections of propofol over a short period of time\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Steven Shafer, Prosecution witness:\u003cbr/\u003e\"People just don't wake up from anaesthesia like that. People just don't wake up hell bent to grab the next dose in a syringe, draw it up and shove it in their IV again. I mean, that just, it's a crazy scenario.\"    \u003cbr/\u003e18. Walgren speaking from podium\u003cbr/\u003eAn expert on the powerful anaesthetic propofol told jurors on Thursday (20 OCT 2011) there was no way Michael Jackson could have caused his own death by swallowing the drug - a theory defence attorneys had at one point indicated could become a centrepiece of their case.\u003cbr/\u003eDr Steven Shafer, an expert on propofol, said it's impossible for the drug to enter the bloodstream in any sizeable amount if it is swallowed because the digestive system metabolizes it so quIckly.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The liver has such powerful mechanisms for metabolizing propofol that only a very small percent can get past the liver,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eShafer agreed with prosecutor David Walgren when he asked if about 99% of propofol is broken down by the liver before it has a chance to enter the bloodstream and other parts of the body.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe doctor also told jurors it was highly unlikely the singer gave himself a fatal injection of the medication, or swallowed a lethal dose of a sedative.\u003cbr/\u003eCoroner's officials determined Jackson died from acute propofol intoxication, and defendant Dr Conrad Murray has acknowledged giving the singer the drug as a sleep aid.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The possibility of a direct self-injection seems extremely unlikely,\" Shafer said, explaining that it would be difficult for Jackson to have time to inject himself based on Murray's timeline of being out of the singer's bedroom only for a few minutes.\u003cbr/\u003e\"People don't just wake up from anaesthesia hell bent to pick up a syringe and pump it into the IV,\" Shafer said. \"It's a crazy scenario.\"\u003cbr/\u003ePropofol, if not mixed with a painkiller is painful, Shafer said. \"You would not want to try to inject this into a vein and miss.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHe said it was much more likely that Murray gave Jackson a much higher dose of propofol than he told police.\u003cbr/\u003eDefence attorneys for Murray said last week they had abandoned the theory that Jackson swallowed propofol. \u003cbr/\u003eStill, the theory was included in a report by their propofol expert, Dr Paul White, who is expected to testify during the defence case scheduled to begin Friday and feature 15 witnesses.\u003cbr/\u003eDefence lawyers also have suggested that Jackson swallowed eight lorazepam pills without Murray's knowledge and that may have been enough to kill him.\u003cbr/\u003eShafer, however, said the defence's own testing showed Jackson hadn't swallowed any lorazepam pills in the four hours before his death, and the amount of the medication found in his stomach was \"trivial.\"\u003cbr/\u003eShafer also suggested that Murray probably gave Jackson more of the sedative lorazepam intravenously than he told police.\u003cbr/\u003eIn addition, prosecutors have said coroner's officials recently conducted tests that showed the levels of lorazepam in Jackson's stomach were far lower than defence attorneys have led jurors to believe. \u003cbr/\u003eMurray has pleaded not guilty to involuntary manslaughter. \u003cbr/\u003eHe was Jackson's personal physician for roughly two months before the singer's unexpected death in June 2009.\u003cbr/\u003eShafer, a Columbia University professor and researcher, helped write the guidelines and warnings included with every vial of propofol.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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