{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Pal Authority recognises ICC as human rights groups build war crimes cases' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c130d8eafeecae150615' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c130d8eafeecae150615' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPal Authority recognises ICC as human rights groups build war crimes cases\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eGaza City, Gaza Strip - 22 January 20091. Various of children playing near damaged home of Arafat Samouni, a Gaza resident2. Various of damage done to houses3. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Arafat Samouni, Gaza resident:\"When they (Israeli...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eGaza City, Gaza Strip - 22 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various of children playing near damaged home of Arafat Samouni, a Gaza resident\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of damage done to houses\u003cbr/\u003e3. SOUNDBITE: (Arabic) Arafat Samouni, Gaza resident:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When they (Israeli soldiers) attacked us inside our home they started to take us out from the apartment. Kids, women, they took all of us out. We tried to talk to them and they said 'shut up, shut up, don't talk.' You talk to him (a soldier) and he says 'shut up, shut up.' They gathered us inside the house and we said 'thank god the Jews won't harm anyone. They won't touch us.' They left us in the house all day. The second day, in the morning, they attacked with missiles and bombs and tore bodies apart.\"\u003cbr/\u003eRafah, Gaza Strip - January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e4. People running in street, pan left to blast with smoke billowing up, AUDIO: Explosion\u003cbr/\u003eBeit Lahiya, Gaza Strip - January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wounded women and children running away from scene of strike\u003cbr/\u003eGaza Strip - January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e6. Women and children crying after Israeli strike\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide of explosions from Israeli attack, AUDIO: Explosion\u003cbr/\u003e8. Funeral procession carries body of small child wrapped in green Hamas flag\u003cbr/\u003eJerusalem - 21 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e9. Establishing shot of Jessica Montell, director of Israeli human rights group B'Tselem \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jessica Montell, director of Israeli human rights group B'Tselem:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are concerns both about targeting of civilian buildings as well as using fire even if Israel is shooting at legitimate military targets, Hamas fighters. We know that very many civilians were killed over the course of the three weeks. We need to look very closely at what Israel did to avoid harming civilians in this context.\"\u003cbr/\u003eGaza City, Gaza Strip - January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of skyline with what appears to be a white phosphorus shell explosion\u003cbr/\u003e12. Man covered in bandages on hospital bed\u003cbr/\u003e13. Man with burnt face on hospital bed\u003cbr/\u003eGaza City, Gaza Strip - 21 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e14. Establishing shot of Hamdi Shakoura, deputy director of Palestinian Centre for Human Rights\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hamdi Shakoura, deputy director of Palestinian Centre for Human Rights:\u003cbr/\u003e\"A well-equipped army like the Israeli army with all (the) technology, when they attack an UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) headquarters and then apologise, it was a mistake - to me it wasn't a mistake.\"\u003cbr/\u003eJebaliya, Gaza Strip - 06 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e16. Panicking people and bodies outside UN school after Israeli shell hits\u003cbr/\u003eRafah, Gaza Strip - 15 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e17. Various of damage done to mosque\u003cbr/\u003eJerusalem - 21 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Colonel Daniel Reisner, former head of the international law department for the Israeli military:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The original anticipation was that the soldiers would take care to differentiate themselves from the civilian population because that's what international law requires from armies. The current reality, where the enemy actually took pains to hide within the civilian population - not to wear a uniform, to use human shields - as a general modus operandi and not as an exceptional war crime, created a situation where international law in fact never thought of such a situation.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSderot, Israel - 11 January 2009\u003cbr/\u003e19. Various of emergency services attending aftermath of rocket attack on home in Sderot\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close-up of upset and crying woman hugging a man\u003cbr/\u003eRamallah, West Bank - 4 February 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e21. Exterior of Palestinian Justice Ministry \u003cbr/\u003e22. Various of Palestinian Justice minister Ali Khashan in his office \u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Ali Khashan, Palestinian justice minister: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We think this is the only way for us, the way of justice and we have to follow this way until that we are completely believed and in the international justice and in the role of the ICC.\"\u003cbr/\u003eJerusalem - 4 February 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e24. Establisher of Israeli foreign ministry spokesman Yigal Palmor \u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Yigal Palmor, Israeli foreign ministry spokesman: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The Palestinian Authority is not a state, it is not recognised as a sovereign state by any international instance and it is not even recognised as a state by some extremist Palestinian organisations such as Hamas, so not being a state it cannot be a member of the international criminal courts.\" \u003cbr/\u003eVarious locations, Gaza strip - January 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e26. Smoke rising with people running\u003cbr/\u003e27. Ambulances rushing to scene of attack, AUDIO: Siren\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Gaza City, Gaza Strip - 28 December 2008\u003cbr/\u003e28. Explosion at Hamas security compound\u003cbr/\u003eHuman rights groups are seeking to build a case that Israel and Hamas violated the laws of war during the fighting last month in the tiny coastal territory, a charge both combatants reject.\u003cbr/\u003eOn Tuesday, the International Criminal Court said the Palestinian Authority had recognised the court's jurisdiction in a move aimed at allowing a war crimes investigation.\u003cbr/\u003eGiven the clarity of Hamas' alleged violations, such as firing rockets at Israeli cities, organisations are focusing more on Israeli actions, the facts of which they say are harder to establish.\u003cbr/\u003eArafat Samouni is one the last remaining members of his family after Israel's bruising three-week-long offensive on Gaza.\u003cbr/\u003eDetails remain unclear, but intense fighting broke out in a semi-rural area outside Gaza City near where the Samounis lived after Israeli troops entered on 3 January.\u003cbr/\u003eBy the time it stopped, more than a dozen homes, a mosque and a warehouse-like structure had been reduced to rubble, and 30 people had been killed.\u003cbr/\u003eSamouni and other survivors allege Israeli soldiers ordered 110 civilians into a warehouse, then shelled it the next day, killing 30.\u003cbr/\u003eSamouni said that during the morning of that second day, Israel attacked with \"missiles and bombs and tore bodies apart.\" \u003cbr/\u003eIsrael denies the army targeted the warehouse, saying the building was hit during intense combat with militants in that area but hundreds of civilians, including most members of the Samouni clan, are believed to have been killed in the air strikes and ground operation.\u003cbr/\u003eThe deaths have elicited calls from rights groups for an investigation into possible war crimes committed by Israel. The U.N. has also voiced concerns over the allegations.\u003cbr/\u003eThe United Nations, the European Union and other organisations accuse Israel of using indiscriminate force, particularly in attacks on UN buildings and Gaza's civilian infrastructure. Many of the attacks proved deadly.\u003cbr/\u003eAmong the questions being raised are whether Israel used disproportionate force and failed to protect civilians.\u003cbr/\u003eJessica Montell, head of the Israeli human rights group B'Tselem, said there should be close investigation on Israel's measures to avoid civilian casualties.\u003cbr/\u003eIn one case, Israeli artillery fire hit near a UN school where hundreds of Gazans had sought refuge, killing 42 people. \u003cbr/\u003eIsrael claimed its troops were responding to fire from militants near the school.\u003cbr/\u003eThe UN dismissed this out hand.\u003cbr/\u003eHamdi Shakoura, deputy director of Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, said he believed the attack on the UN's warehouse, which stored supplies for the UN Works and Relief Agency for the Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), could not have been a mistake due to the technology the Israeli army uses in its operations.\u003cbr/\u003eRights activists say Gaza's Hamas rulers and other Palestinian groups committed war crimes by targeting Israeli civilians with rockets. \u003cbr/\u003eThey also say purported Hamas' use of human shields, as alleged by Israel, would constitute war crimes.\u003cbr/\u003eGroups, which include B'Tselem, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, emphasise that investigations will take months and concede few venues exist for any trials. \u003cbr/\u003eBut they have to investigate potential violations on both sides.\u003cbr/\u003eEven if no trials result, investigations encourage accountability, the groups say.\u003cbr/\u003eThe International Criminal Court can only investigate if asked by the United Nations Security Council or an involved state that has recognised the court. \u003cbr/\u003eIsrael has never recognised its jurisdiction, and because only states can recognise the court, it is unclear if the Palestinians can do so.\u003cbr/\u003eOn January 21, Palestinian Justice Minister Ali Khashan sent a brief letter to the court in which he recognised the authority of the world's first permanent war crimes tribunal. \u003cbr/\u003eThe court made the letter public on Tuesday.\u003cbr/\u003eProsecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo said he would not decide his position quickly on whether Palestinian authorities can recognise the court as well.\u003cbr/\u003eOn Wednesday Yigal Palmor, Israeli foreign ministry spokesman confirmed the stance of Israeli government by saying that the Palestinian Authority \"is not recognised as a sovereign state by any international instance\" adding that \"it cannot be a member of the international criminal courts.\" \u003cbr/\u003eIsrael is preparing for potential legal action, barring the media from publishing pictures of officers' faces and their names for fear of investigations. \u003cbr/\u003eLast week, Israel's Cabinet promised legal and financial support for any officers facing trial, despite the difficulty of prosecuting Israelis.\u003cbr/\u003eThe prosecutor told a small group of foreign correspondents in a meeting at the court on Tuesday that he has received 150 separate communications alleging war crimes during the Gaza conflict.\u003cbr/\u003eIsrael claims its army took great care to avoid harming civilians in Gaza. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever during the three-week Israeli military offensive on Gaza Strip nearly 1,300 Palestinians were killed, nearly 900 of them civilians, and amongst them scores of children.\u003cbr/\u003eThe military said it preceded some airstrikes with leaflets or phone calls warning civilians to flee the area, a contention confirmed by some Gaza residents.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the same time, Israel acknowledges it loosened its rules of engagement for the Gaza war to lessen military casualties. \u003cbr/\u003eAs a result, ground troops moved under heavy covering fire from tanks and artillery, devastating entire Palestinian neighbourhoods.\u003cbr/\u003eIsrael has blamed the high civilian death toll on Hamas militiamen fighting from civilian areas.\u003cbr/\u003eHamas denied the group's men battled from civilian areas, calling its rocket attacks on southern Israel towns self-defence.\u003cbr/\u003eIsrael launched its offensive on 27 December, calling it necessary to stop rocket and mortar fire that rained more than 10-thousand shells on swaths of southern Israel since 2001, some hitting houses, schools and retirement homes.\u003cbr/\u003eThe rockets had killed 24 Israelis since 2001 and injured more than a thousand, police said. \u003cbr/\u003eThe military responded to requests for comment on the specific cases in this article with a general statement saying Israeli soldiers do not target civilians.\u003cbr/\u003eIsrael has also been criticised for using white phosphorus weapons, which can be legitimately used in war to create smoke screens or provide illumination. \u003cbr/\u003eBut according to Human Rights Watch, its use over populated areas can 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