{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Geothermal could be a green source of energy' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c07bd8eafeecae14b144' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c07bd8eafeecae14b144' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nGeothermal could be a green source of energy\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP Television Middletown, Calif - May 29, 20091. Medium steaming fumarole (a fracture in the Earth where steam comes out).2. Close boiling water3. Close green plant adapted to high temperatures4. Close boiling water5. Extreme close shot...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eMiddletown, Calif - May 29, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Medium steaming fumarole (a fracture in the Earth where steam comes out).\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close boiling water\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close green plant adapted to high temperatures\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close boiling water\u003cbr/\u003e5. Extreme close shot algae adapted to high temperatures\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English) Brian Benn, Manager of Environment, Health and Safety at The Geysers:\u003cbr/\u003e\"In this section, in this area of The Geysers, it just so happens that the shape of the heat source comes fairly near the surface here. In fact, nearby here it comes up from underground nearly to sea level and we're at about 1350 feet here (411.48 metres). So we're only about 1000 feet (304.8 metres) away from the very intense heat that supplies the geysers with energy. And so there's a fracture in the earth that sort of provides an opportunity for the steam from that resource to leak through the roof, you might say, and expel itself here.\" \u003cbr/\u003e7. Medium fumarole\u003cbr/\u003e8. Medium charred tree\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide fumarole\u003cbr/\u003e10. Benn talking with Mike Rogers, Senior Vice President for Calpine's Geothermal Region\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English) Mike Rogers, Senior Vice President for Calpine's Geothermal Region:\u003cbr/\u003e\"You need three things in order to get geothermal energy out of the ground in the, we'll call it conventional state. You need heat, you need water, and you need a fractured reservoir such that the water can make it to the heat. That's what we have here at 'The Geysers', and that's what allows us to produce steam and subsequently electricity from this location.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Driving shot steam pipes\u003cbr/\u003e13. Medium steam pipe\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close steam pipe sign\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close steam pipe\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide shot cooling tower\u003cbr/\u003e17. Medium cooling tower\u003cbr/\u003e18. Tilt up Brian Benn going up stairs\u003cbr/\u003e19. Low angle Benn walking along tower\u003cbr/\u003e20. Low angle cooling water\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Brian Benn, Manager of Environment, Health and Safety at The Geysers:\u003cbr/\u003e\"That air takes the heat out of the water in the form of water vapour and it blows it up into the atmosphere as natural water vapour that's just returned to the environment.\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Zoom in cooling tower\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eBerkeley, Calif. - June 11, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide shot Professor Steven Glaser walking up steps of the Hearst Memorial Mining Building at the University of California, Berkeley\u003cbr/\u003e24. Low angle Glaser walking in door \u003cbr/\u003e25. Glaser walking through his laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (English) Steven Glaser, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Oh, it will certainly be sufficient to advance, will it be enough to allow us to start commercially generating energy from geothermal? Probably not. It's enough that we can answer some important questions looking at different circulating fluids, looking at different ways to connect the wells, which are all important issues. If we can solve the very large issues, then the smaller details are much easier to attack.\"\u003cbr/\u003e27. Extreme close shot drill bits in Glaser lab\u003cbr/\u003e28. Extreme close shot wrench in Glaser lab\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE (English) Steven Glaser, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If we pump water under pressure into the hole in the rock, it's going to try to push the rock apart. There's always a weak point and a crack starts to grow. And what's shown here on this black line if you look close enough, there's a very small crack. So the fluid forced the rock open and came out to the side of the rock and what we were able to do is with stream potential we could map out the crack growing and we could actually see a precursor to the crack growing.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMiddletown, Calif. - May 29, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e30. Wide shot water tower and power lines at The Geysers\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide shot power plant\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide shot power lines to transfer energy to the power grid\u003cbr/\u003eThe US government funded extensive research in geothermal energy in the 1970s and early 1980s.\u003cbr/\u003eBut when oil prices fell, so did the country's enthusiasm for renewable fuel. \u003cbr/\u003eNow, concerns about climate change and energy security means the Earth's internal energy back on the scene.\u003cbr/\u003eJust north of San Francisco, the steaming heat below the surface of the Earth is an important element of the power supply. \u003cbr/\u003eAt 'The Geysers', a 40-square-mile steam field about 70 miles (112.654) north of the city, naturally heated water bubbles up from gaping holes in the ground. \u003cbr/\u003eThis series of fumaroles offers an excellent way to comprehend the massive strength of the energy of the Earth's interior. \u003cbr/\u003eFumaroles are holes in volcanic areas from which steam rises.\u003cbr/\u003eIn spite of the heat and the pungent sulphur smelling steam, certain plants and types of algae are adapted to bubbling hot springs like these. \u003cbr/\u003eBrian Benn, Manager of Environment, Health and Safety at The Geysers, says that these fumaroles are located in a spot where the Earth's energy is even closer to the surface than other parts of the steam field.\u003cbr/\u003e\"In this section, in this area of 'The Geysers', it just so happens that the shape of the heat source comes fairly near the surface here. In fact, nearby here it comes up from underground nearly to sea level and we're at about 1350 feet here (411.48 metres). So we're only about 1000 feet (304.8 metres) away from the very intense heat that supplies the geysers with energy. And so there's a fracture in the earth that sort of provides an opportunity for the steam from that resource to leak through the roof, you might say, and expel itself here,\" he says.  \u003cbr/\u003eLocated on the Pacific's Ring of Fire and over the fault between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates, 'The Geysers' is the most active geothermal field in the U.S. \u003cbr/\u003eGround water is heated by hot rock deep beneath the surface, creating a natural bed of steam under extremely high pressure. \u003cbr/\u003eCalpine, the biggest geothermal producer in North America, pipes the steam to 15 plants where it turns turbines and generates electricity. Because it runs 24/7, 'The Geysers' is an important source of constant intensity power for the region.\u003cbr/\u003eMike Rogers, Senior Vice President, for Calpine's Geothermal Region, notes that the plentiful steam in much of the field is an iconic example of traditional geothermal power, which involves extracting heat from existing steam beds without having to inject additional water. \u003cbr/\u003e\"You need three things in order to get geothermal energy out of the ground in the, we'll call it conventional state. You need heat, you need water, and you need a fractured reservoir such that the water can make it to the heat. That's what we have here at 'The Geysers', and that's what allows us to produce steam and subsequently electricity form this location,\" he says. \u003cbr/\u003eGeothermal energy has received scant funding in the U.S. in the last few years, but President Barack Obama's stimulus plan has dedicated more than $467 million to development of geothermal and solar energy across the US.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's a move which could raise geothermal energy to higher prominence in the power grid. \u003cbr/\u003eResearch groups from companies, universities and national labs are now able to apply for funding from the Department of Energy and get to work on the tough challenges that stand between the light bulb in the living room and energy in the Earth's core.\u003cbr/\u003eGeothermal energy now generates 3000 megawatts of energy in the US.\u003cbr/\u003eExperts estimate another 3000 megawatts now in the pipeline will be available by 2012. \u003cbr/\u003eThe United States Department of Energy hopes that a total of 50,000 megawatts available by 2030, or enough to power 40 million homes.\u003cbr/\u003eTraditional geothermal energy of the variety Calpine produces is likely to be surpassed in the next decade.\u003cbr/\u003eIts successor will be Enhanced Geothermal Systems, or EGS - the extraction of energy from far deeper inside the earth's crust through the injection of water or gas into beds of hot, dry rock.\u003cbr/\u003eThese are far more plentiful than steam beds, but much deeper down. \u003cbr/\u003eAcademics like Steven Glaser at the University of California, Berkeley, hope Barack Obama's stimulus package will help EGS to get closer to commercialisation. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Oh, it will certainly be sufficient to advance, will it be enough to allow us to start commercially generating energy from geothermal? Probably not. It's enough that we can answer some important questions looking at different circulating fluids, looking at different ways to connect the wells, which are all important issues. If we can solve the very large issues, then the smaller details are much easier to attack,\" he says. \u003cbr/\u003eIn EGS, water or gas is pumped into the thermal area, heats up as it passes through the fractures in the rock, then comes up out of other nearby holes and is used to generate power. \u003cbr/\u003eWhere water is scarce, researchers are looking at the use of carbon dioxide to absorb the heat and convey it to the surface, with carbon sequestration as a secondary benefit. \u003cbr/\u003eThe heat is more accessible in the west of the country.\u003cbr/\u003eHere it can be found at about 5,000 feet (1524 metres) below the surface in many locations, but drilling would have to be much deeper in Eastern areas.\u003cbr/\u003eEGS projects are underway in Soultz, France, Landau, Germany, and numerous sites in Australia.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the last few years, several new companies proposing to use EGS have sprung up in the US. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the meantime, Calpine continues to provide a reliable source of power for the region. \u003cbr/\u003eTime will tell if geothermal research will allow heat mining at low enough costs to bring it to commercial scale.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" 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