{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Lionfish population rises, causing environmental damage' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c078d8eafeecae14afd0' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c078d8eafeecae14afd0' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nLionfish population rises, causing environmental damage\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 20081. Close-up of two lionfish on coral reef2. Close-up adult lionfish under reef3. Pan shot of scuba divers looking for lionfish4. Close-up lionfish caught in net5. Close-up lionfish placed in another...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close-up of two lionfish on coral reef\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close-up adult lionfish under reef\u003cbr/\u003e3. Pan shot of scuba divers looking for lionfish\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close-up lionfish caught in net\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close-up lionfish placed in another net\u003cbr/\u003eCorvallis, Oregon - 25 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Mark Hixon, Oregon State University's Department of Zoology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"They have just literally exploded through time, a population explosion.  It is like a plague of locusts.\" \u003cbr/\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close-up of two lionfish under coral reef\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close-up of volunteer scuba divers trying to net lionfish \u003cbr/\u003eCorvallis, Oregon - 25 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Mark Hixon, Oregon State University's Department of Zoology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Lionfish reduce the abundance of small fish on coral reefs by 80 percent in just a five week period.\"\u003cbr/\u003eOregon State University \u003cbr/\u003eLee Stocking Island, July 2007 \u003cbr/\u003e10. Still image of lionfish in the ocean\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, DC - 24 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close-up lionfish in aquarium tank\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid shot of Andy Dehart, Director of Biological Programmes for the National Aquarium looking at lionfish \u003cbr/\u003eUPSOUND: (English) Andy Dehart, National Aquarium Director of Biological Programs:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The venomous spines are these tall top dorsal spines and the skin is actually a sheath, the venom in under that. \"\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Andy Dehart, National Aquarium Director of Biological Programs:\u003cbr/\u003e\"They went up the Gulf Stream into North Carolina and established a population, over to Bermuda and then in about 2004 we started seeing them in the Bahamas.\"\u003cbr/\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sally Burrows, Stuart Cove Dive Company:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The explosion didn't really hit until about 2007, that's when we really started noticing a difference, and they were noticed everywhere - in groups of four and five and six fish even in just these coral heads of massive amounts of fish.\"\u003cbr/\u003eOregon State University \u003cbr/\u003eLee Stocking Island, July 2007 \u003cbr/\u003e15. Push in still image of researcher looking at young lionfish in sea grass\u003cbr/\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close-up reef fish species, whose young are preyed upon by lionfish\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, DC - 24 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Andy Dehart, National Aquarium Director of Biological Programs:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If we start loosing these smaller reef fish as food to the lionfish and the lionfish population get out of control, we can certainly be in a whirlwind for bad things coming for the reef ecosystem.\"\u003cbr/\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide shot of three scuba divers with nets, looking at lionfish under coral reef head\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid shot Lad Akins, REEF Director of Special Projects walking along pier\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Lad Akins, REEF Director of Special Projects:\u003cbr/\u003e\"One of the most interesting, but also challenging parts of our research has been our underwater tagging efforts.  We use a plastic streamer tag inserted just above the base of the tail and our objective is to look at how much the fish move around on a reef as well as how much they grow.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close-up fish being tagged on land\u003cbr/\u003e22. Wide and close-up baby lionfish in tank\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close-up baby fish being tagged underwater and then released\u003cbr/\u003eCorvallis, Oregon - 25 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid shot Professor Hixon looking at computer\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mark Hixon, Oregon State University's Department of Zoology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We are not very optimistic at this point that eradication is possible, because the lionfish population has grown so rapidly - but also they live down to several hundred feet deep depth, which means they are below the depth at which most scuba divers can have access to them.\"\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close-up video of lionfish on Hixon's computer\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mark Hixon, Oregon State University's Department of Zoology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"They are so bold and hold their ground so much that you can literally swim up with a hand net and just scoop them out of the water.  So that means that there will be coral reefs in certain locations where concentrated efforts can keep lionfish out.\"\u003cbr/\u003eNassau, Bahamas - 30 July 2008\u003cbr/\u003e28. Close-up volunteers with net full of lionfish\u003cbr/\u003eThe red lionfish, a deep red striped fish with venomous spikes, is rapidly multiplying in the Caribbean's warm waters, swallowing native species, stinging divers and generally wreaking havoc on an ecologically delicate region.\u003cbr/\u003eThe lionfish, a tropical native of the Indian and Pacific oceans that probably escaped from a Florida fish tank, is showing up across the Caribbean region  - from the coasts of Cuba and Hispaniola to Little Cayman's pristine Bloody Bay Wall, one of the region's prime destinations for divers.\u003cbr/\u003eThe white creature has maroon stripes and poisonous spikes along its spine, to ward off enemies.\u003cbr/\u003eWherever the red lionfish appears, the adaptable predator corners fish and crustaceans up to half its size, with its billowy fins, and sucks them down in one violent gulp.\u003cbr/\u003eResearch teams observed one lionfish eating 20 small fish in less than 30 minutes.\u003cbr/\u003eThe fish threaten coral reef, fisheries and sometimes humans - as their spines contain a painful sting.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists are struggling to understand this fast moving phenomenon - but are already warning about the rapid southern spread of the red lionfish, believed to be the descendants of a Florida fish tank which leaked its contents.\u003cbr/\u003eThe lionfish has been concentrated in the Bahamas, where marine biologists are seeing it in every habitat: in shallow and deep reefs, off piers and beaches, and perhaps - more worryingly -  in mangrove thickets that are vital habitats for baby fish.\u003cbr/\u003eOregon State University's Mark Hixon is worried that the lionfish infestation could be one of the most devastating marine invasions in history.\u003cbr/\u003eLionfish have been spotted as far north as Rhode Island in summer months, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003cbr/\u003eThey are not aggressive toward humans, and their sting is not fatal. \u003cbr/\u003eThere are no estimates so far of tourists who have been stung. \u003cbr/\u003eBut marine officials say swimmers will be more at risk as the venomous species overtakes tropical waters along popular Caribbean beaches.\u003cbr/\u003eThe slow-moving fish, which measures about 18 inches, is easy to snare, though lionfish swim too deep for divers to catch in nets - a common method of dealing with invasive species.\u003cbr/\u003eAndy Dehart, the National Aquarium Director of Biological Programs who leads scientists in the Bahamas on research dives, says he has noticed the increase in lionfish numbers.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2007, during a one week period in the Bahamas, Dehart's team netted 15 lionfish - one year later the same number of researchers captured well over a hundred specimens at the same location.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Hixon was leading a team of research students studying coral reefs in the 1990s when they first noticed invasive lionfish.  \u003cbr/\u003eThey were forced to change their research topic when the lionfish moved in and ate their study's subject matter.\u003cbr/\u003eIn recently published findings, Hixon and graduate student Mark Albins, reported on the predatory habits of lionfish in the Bahamas. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says that research has shown that the presence of lionfish can result in a reduction of smaller fish on coral reefs.\u003cbr/\u003eAndy Dehart says there is no agreement on exactly how the aquarium tank fish ended up in the Atlantic Ocean.\u003cbr/\u003eThe NOAA say many researchers believe lionfish were introduced into the Atlantic in 1992, when Hurricane Andrew shattered a private aquarium and six of them spilled into Miami's Biscayne Bay. \u003cbr/\u003eBiologists think the fish released floating sacs of eggs that rode the Gulf Stream north along the U.S. coast, leading to colonisation of deep reefs off North Carolina and Bermuda. \u003cbr/\u003eExperts say Caribbean reefs now face the prospect of turning into a vast nursery for the remarkably adaptable predator. \u003cbr/\u003eThe US National Aquarium's Andy Dehart is worried about the cascading effect of the invasion. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says the development spells disaster for the reef eco system.\u003cbr/\u003eVolunteer scuba divers, working with local governments, have established an early warning detection system to track the lionfish's expansion into the Caribbean.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Reef Environmental Education Foundation, REEF - a grass roots group, is working to study the phenomenon and raise awareness of what they say will be the pending crisis and to capture the fish and remove them from the reefs. \u003cbr/\u003eLad Akins, the REEF Director of Special Projects says that research involves tagging juvenile fish.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Hixon says the prognosis is not good for keeping lionfish completely out of the reef systems because their population has grown so rapidly and also because they dwell so deep in the sea.\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers are scrambling to figure out what will eat the menacing fish in their new Caribbean home, experimenting with predators such as\u003cbr/\u003esharks, moray eels - and even humans.\u003cbr/\u003eAdventurous eaters describe the taste of lionfish fillets as resembling halibut. \u003cbr/\u003eOne predator that will eat lionfish is grouper, which are rare in the lionfish's natural Southeast-Asian habitat. \u003cbr/\u003eScientists are pinning long-range hopes on the establishment of new ocean reserves to protect grouper and other lionfish predators from overfishing.\u003cbr/\u003eClients are reminded: \u003cbr/\u003e(i) to check the terms of their licence agreements for use of content outside news programming and that further advice and assistance can be obtained from the AP Archive on: Tel +44 (0) 20 7482 7482 Email: info@aparchive.com. \u003cbr/\u003e(ii) they should check with the applicable collecting society in their Territory regarding the clearance of 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