{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A look at the contribution rice makes to methane emissions' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c070d8eafeecae14ab76' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c070d8eafeecae14ab76' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA look at the contribution rice makes to methane emissions\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Wide of rice field with rice plant in foreground 2. Various of farmers working in rice field 3. Wide of people going into small hut4. Close-up of rice being served5. Tilt-up of woman picking up rice with her hand and eating6. Wide of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Wide of rice field with rice plant in foreground \u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of farmers working in rice field \u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of people going into small hut\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close-up of rice being served\u003cbr/\u003e5. Tilt-up of woman picking up rice with her hand and eating\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide of women eating in hut\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide of entrance to International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) \u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of farmers working in IRRI rice field\u003cbr/\u003e9. Pan of IRRI scientists walking and talking\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Reiner Wassman, International Rice Research Institute Climate Change Expert:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The unique feature of rice production is that the crop fields are flooded for substantial time over the growing season. There's no other crop that grows under this kind of conditions, and that has some implications. The water cover cuts off the oxygen supply to the soil. So in every other crop you would have decay of organic material that would lead to carbon dioxide, you can say that this is part of the cycle because carbon dioxide is then taken up by the plant again, and so the cycle is closed. When we have no oxygen then methane is produced, which is another product of the decay and we call it anaerobic decay, so without oxygen. Methane is a very powerful greenhouse gas; in fact it's 20 times, 21 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. So this methane that is reaching the atmosphere is contributing to global warming.\" \u003cbr/\u003e11. Various of flooded rice field \u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Reiner Wassman, International Rice Research Institute Climate Change Expert:\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is an experiment here where my colleague, Yas Hosen, is testing different water management. So water management is a very important factor, basically meaning the moment that a rice field is flooded, permanently flooded, then the emissions are high. The moment a rice field is drained, and that is something which will occur specially in the future more and more often because there's more scarcity of water, we are expecting more competition for water, then the emissions will go down, the methane emissions.\" \u003cbr/\u003e13. Farm worker checking box\u003cbr/\u003e14. Mid of glass box encasing selected rice plants in field \u003cbr/\u003e15. Close-up of hand pointing at emission monitoring chart \u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide of scientist and person next to rice field discussing the monitoring process \u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Reiner Wassman, International Rice Research Institute Climate Change Expert:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Rice is, although it looks very uniform rice fields, but if you look a bit closer you will see that there are very different systems, there are very different soils, there are also very different management techniques. So our message is that we have to be very specific where and when we want to reduce methane emission and then a very targeted approach is to reduce it, not as a blanket strategy, not just saying okay just drain it and then reducing the emission, I think then you can actually do more harm than good. So we think that one would have always to know exactly or to define exactly what is the region, which is the system where we want to reduce it.\" \u003cbr/\u003e18. Various of glass box with trapped gas emissions\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide of lid of glass box closing \u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of Greenpeace climate and energy campaigner, Jasper Inventor, speaking on microphone at screening of \"An Inconvenient Truth\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Audience applauding \u003cbr/\u003e22. Wide of people watching film, audience in foreground, screen in background\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jasper Inventor, Greenpeace Climate and Energy Campaigner:\u003cbr/\u003e\"While it is true that methane from agricultural production contributes 20 percent of the global greenhouse gas emissions, and efforts must be made to reduce this contribution, it must not divert attention from the bigger culprit which is carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels where drastic cuts are possible and solutions like renewable energy and energy efficiency are readily available.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Farmer harvesting rice\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide of rice field\u003cbr/\u003eRice is the staple food of Asia, its primary agricultural crop and a main source of livelihood to (m) millions in the region, but according to scientists in the Philippines, it is now also a threat to the environment.\u003cbr/\u003eA climate change expert from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines says they have carried out experiments which show that methane emitted during the rice production process is contributing to global warming.\u003cbr/\u003eMore than three (m) million people in the region consume rice and this great demand has led to an increase in production.\u003cbr/\u003eAsia alone devotes 144 (m) million hectares (356 (m) million acres) of land to rice crops.\u003cbr/\u003eOn this massive scale, the methane emitted during the rice production process has had some experts worrying.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the IRRI, an institute devoted entirely in the research of rice, scientists have been studying methane emission in rice for several years now.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The unique feature of rice production is that the crop fields are flooded for substantial time over the growing season. There's no other crop that grows under this kind of conditions, and that has some implications,\" explained climate change expert Docter Reiner Wassman.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The water cover cuts off the oxygen supply to the soil,\" he said.  \"When we have no oxygen then methane is produced.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWassman said methane is a \"very powerful greenhouse gas.\"\u003cbr/\u003e\"In fact it's 20 times, 21 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. So this methane that is reaching the atmosphere is contributing to global warming,\" he added. \u003cbr/\u003eWassman said controlling the water levels is an important factor in controlling the emission of methane.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The moment that a rice field is flooded, permanently flooded, then the emissions are high, the moment a rice field is drained,\" he observed, \"the emissions will go down.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSome environmentalists note that whilst all efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions are welcome, methane is not the biggest culprit.\u003cbr/\u003eClimate change campaigner Jasper Inventor of Greenpeace told AP Television that efforts to reduce methane emissions from agricultural production should not divert attention from \"the bigger culprit which is carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn terms of fossil fuels, he said: \"drastic cuts are possible and solutions like renewable energy and energy efficiency are readily available.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDespite the harmful effects that rice production has on the environment, the demand is so great for the staple food of Asia that scientists at the IRRI are now not only concentrating on the effects of water in rice cultivation but on how improved management of rice production could be more friendly to the environment. \u003cbr/\u003eThe scientists said that although part of this is about controlling the use of water, efficient use of fertiliser, which contributes to nitrous oxide emissions, another greenhouse gas more powerful than methane, is another area that needs to be looked at to reduce the effect of rice production on global warming. \u003cbr/\u003eThe scientists at the IRRI said that while they see their role as being to provide scientific knowledge in growing rice more efficiently, it is up to national governments throughout the rice-growing world to craft policies, lay down the infrastructure and implement environmentally friendly programmes that 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