{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='World\u0026#39;s smallest butterfly species threatened' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c05cd8eafeecae14a2cb' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c05cd8eafeecae14a2cb' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWorld\u0026#39;s smallest butterfly species threatened\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionMount Moses, St Katherine's Protectorate, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt - May 9, 20111. Mid of the two Baton Blues2. Close of the two Baton Blues3. Wide of the Sinai mountains4. Wide of rocks with patch of wild thyme5. Close of a...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMount Moses, St Katherine's Protectorate, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt - May 9, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid of the two Baton Blues\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close of the two Baton Blues\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of the Sinai mountains\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of rocks with patch of wild thyme\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of a thyme plant, zoom out to wide\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of a Baton Blue butterfly on myrrh plant\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of a Baton Blue on a thyme plant \u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of Katy Thompson and Oliver Masters, studying thyme plants\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of Katy and Oliver kneeling by thyme plants\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE (English) Katy Thompson, PhD Student of Conservation Ecology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The Sinai Baton Blue is the world's smallest butterfly, it's about the size of an average thumbnail. It was first discovered in the 70's and then it was unstudied by science for 20 to 30 years when somebody from Nottingham carried out his PhD on the butterfly. We have been monitoring it ever since because it is critically endangered.\"\u003cbr/\u003e11. Tilt down to close of a thyme plant with marker\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid of tagged thyme plant\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of another tagged thyme plant\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of a thyme plant, zooms in \u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English) Katy Thompson, PhD Student of Conservation Ecology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is a thyme plant, it's the only plant that the caterpillar feeds on and it's what the adult butterfly prefers to feed on.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of thyme plant with ants crawling on it\u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid of Katy and Oliver crouching down to study plants\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (English) Katy Thompson, PhD Student of Conservation Ecology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Basically we're just looking for flowers and signs of sepals or buds, so we can compare it between years, to see the flowering times and between all the patches as well.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close up of Katy's fingers manipulating a thyme stem, UPSOUND:\u003cbr/\u003e\"This plant has lot's of big sepals, so we're going to score it as a 1 on our phenology system which is a scale of 0-7, to assess the flowering status of our plant.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close of a thyme bud\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close of a thyme flower\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid of Oliver pulling a bucket of water out of a well\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE (English) Oliver Masters, Project Volunteer\u003cbr/\u003e\"We're taking some water so we can water a sample of plants from the patches, and we're hoping to see the effects of watering on the plants.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid of Oliver filling up a bottle of water from the bucket\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid of a Thyme plant with a tag marked with a red dot indicating the ones that get watered\u003cbr/\u003e26. Wide of Nasser Diguni, the Bedouin guide\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Nasser Diguni, High Mountains Guide and local plant specialist:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I'm really happy that this butterfly exists on Mount Moses. We love this area, naturally, but we love it more with the butterfly because it is the smallest one in the world. That makes us happy.\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE (English) Katy Thompson, PhD Student of Conservation Ecology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Nasser, he's been a great guide. He's been helping us do the butterfly transacts and he's provided invaluable knowledge on the plants. He's found additional habitats, additional patches of thyme that nobody knew about which has been invaluable to the work.\"\u003cbr/\u003e29. Mid of Katy and Oliver walking up a gully between rocks\u003cbr/\u003e30. Wide of Katy and Oliver walking towards patch of vegetation\u003cbr/\u003e31. Zoom in to two Baton Blue butterflies mating\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close pan to mating Baton Blues\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE (English) Katy Thompson, PhD Student of Conservation Ecology:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Predators to the Sinai Baton Blue they include lizards, which is the main threat, and also some birds, some spiders and some praying mantis also have been found to prey upon the Sinai Baton Blue.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Mid of a bird\u003cbr/\u003e35. Mid of a small lizard\u003cbr/\u003e36. Mid of a large lizard\u003cbr/\u003e37. Wide of a flock of sheep and goats heading to a grazing area\u003cbr/\u003e38. Mid of flock of sheep and goats\u003cbr/\u003e39. Wide of the grazing patch\u003cbr/\u003e40. Mid of lamb eating grass\u003cbr/\u003e41. Wide of a donkey eating shrubs\u003cbr/\u003e42. Close of the donkey eating\u003cbr/\u003e43. SOUNDBITE (Arabic) Nasser Diguni, High Mountains guide and local plant specialist:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The thyme is not interesting to goats or camels or donkeys. I think they don't like the taste of it. They might eat a small piece but they won't eat it again after that. This is because it has a very strong taste, it's is a medicinal plant - it's a cold remedy. It's rare over here and we like this plant, so we get upset for instance when someone takes a whole plant or cuts it all when it's still green.\"\u003cbr/\u003e44. Mid of a Baton Blue feeding on nectar from a thyme flower\u003cbr/\u003e45. Mid of a Baton Blue as it flies away\u003cbr/\u003eConservationists are fighting to save the world's smallest butterfly from extinction.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Sinai Baton Blue only breeds on one species of wild thyme - and that's only found in one small corner of the Sinai Desert.\u003cbr/\u003eBut overgrazing by Bedouin herds, loss of habitat and global warming could spell the end of this unique species.\u003cbr/\u003eThis pair of Sinai Baton Blue butterflies are doing their bit to help propagate the species. And every bit helps.\u003cbr/\u003eMating couples may be seen entwined in the sparse vegetation in this part of the Sinai desert - if you look closely.\u003cbr/\u003eBut sightings are rare, not just because the butterflies are so small, but because they're dying out so fast.\u003cbr/\u003eThe world's only populations of the Sinai Baton Blue are here on Mount Moses, in the mountainous area of St Katherine's Protectorate in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.\u003cbr/\u003eThe area is considered holy land - where Moses was said to have received the Ten Commandments. \u003cbr/\u003eThe butterflies have evolved a complex eco-system entirely dependant on equally rare outcrops of the wild Sinai Thyme that grows here - and only here.\u003cbr/\u003eAbout 20-30 eggs get laid on the sprouting buds of the thyme plant a day after mating. After a few days of incubation the eggs hatch into caterpillar larvae that feed on the fresh young buds.\u003cbr/\u003eThe butterflies in turn help to pollinate the thyme. It's all such a delicate balance of mutual dependency, but that's where the biggest problem lies.\u003cbr/\u003eKaty Thompson, a student of Conservation Ecology, is getting down on hands and knees to help track and log the Baton Blue's progress:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The Sinai Baton Blue is the world's smallest butterfly, it's about the size of an average thumbnail. It was first discovered in the 70's and then it was unstudied by science for 20 to 30 years when somebody from Nottingham carried out his PhD on the butterfly. We have been monitoring it ever since because it is critically endangered.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe butterflies are poor fliers with a range of only around 100 metres (approx 300 feet). That means that each isolated cluster of thyme plants hosts a discrete population of Baton Blues. If that group perishes it's just too far for any other group to travel to colonise the thyme.  Equally, if the thyme dies, so do the butterflies.\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is a thyme plant, it's the only plant that the caterpillar feeds on and it's what the adult butterfly prefers to feed on,\" says Thompson.\u003cbr/\u003eThe larvae have also developed a handy working relationship with a species of ant - secreting sweet sugars to attract them in return for protection when other less friendly predator ants approach.\u003cbr/\u003eTo conserve the butterfly it's just as important to look after the wild thyme and understand the plant's progress as well says Katy.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Basically we're just looking for flowers and signs of sepals or buds, so we can compare it between years, to see the flowering times and between all the patches as well.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe conservation volunteers mark and number each thyme plant and score them according to their ability to bud and support butterfly eggs.\u003cbr/\u003eThey also assess the benefits of controlled watering of selected plants.\u003cbr/\u003eBedouin tribesmen have used these rare mountainous pastures as grazing lands for thousands of years. Traditionally the herdsmen would operate a system of rotation to avoid over-grazing, leaving alternate areas untouched until they have recovered vegetation.\u003cbr/\u003eHigh Mountains guide and local plant specialist, Nasser Diguni explains the significance to local people of the Baton Blue butterfly.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I'm really happy that this butterfly exists on Mount Moses. We love this area, naturally, but we love it more with the butterfly because it is the smallest one in the world. That makes us happy.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLocal knowledge like Nasser's is invaluable to the research team says Katy Thompson.\u003cbr/\u003e\"He's found additional habitats, additional patches of thyme that nobody knew about which has been invaluable to the work.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThis unique terrain in the Saint Katherine's Protectorate is home to a highly specialised group of creatures, many of them additional threats to the butterfly's continued existence.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Predators to the Sinai Baton Blue they include lizards, which is the main threat, and also some birds, some spiders and some praying mantis also have been found to prey upon the Sinai Baton Blue,\" says Thompson.\u003cbr/\u003eChanges to Bedouin lifestyle has also affected the delicate eco-system. Herds of sheep and goats are essential to the Bedouin way of life, providing meat as well as milk, as well as wool and leather from their hides.\u003cbr/\u003eNow the Bedouin are less nomadic than before and grazing is heaviest nearest to the centres of sedentary populations like St Katherine.\u003cbr/\u003eNasser Diguni denies that domesticated animals pose a threat to the butterfly's habitat.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The thyme is not interesting to goats or camels or donkeys. I think they don't like the taste of it. They might eat a small piece but they won't eat it again after that. This is because it has a very strong taste, it's is a medicinal plant - it's a cold remedy. It's rare over here and we like this plant, so we get upset for instance when someone takes a whole plant or cuts it all when it's still green.\"\u003cbr/\u003eOver-harvesting of medicinal plants like thyme and myrrh is yet another threat to the Sinai Baton Blue.\u003cbr/\u003eMore than 100 useful and valuable plants are found in Sinai, especially near St Katherine's.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the final nail in the coffin of this unique butterfly could be the most devastating.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists believe that the fate of the Sinai Baton Blue could be the perfect model for endangered species that will become extinct as global temperatures rise. Some ecologists fear that some species will disappear suddenly when temperatures reach the tipping point.\u003cbr/\u003eIf the plants that the butterfly depend on fail in this one small corner of the world their loss will be instant and complete.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Sinai Baton Blue simply has nowhere else to go.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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