{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Repairing dental decay without fillings or drilling' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c02fd8eafeecae148d29' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c02fd8eafeecae148d29' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nRepairing dental decay without fillings or drilling\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionLondon, UK - November 25, 20141. Close of tooth being drilled 2. Mid of dentists working on patient's filling 3. Close of dentist scraping out the hole left by the drill4. Close of monitor showing tooth with mineral loss,...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK - November 25, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close of tooth being drilled \u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of dentists working on patient's filling \u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of dentist scraping out the hole left by the drill\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of monitor showing tooth with mineral loss, shown by lighter white area\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of monitor showing another tooth \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close zoom into monitor showing 3D scanned cross section of muffin, which is similar to tooth \u003cbr/\u003e7. Close tilt up on screen showing photograph of decayed tooth to Professor Nigel Pitts \u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide shot through door of Pitts working a power point on screen \u003cbr/\u003e9. Various showing Pitts watching graphic sequence on screen explaining remineralisation of tooth \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nigel Pitts, Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital:\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is about the most common ubiquitous disease in mankind, tooth decay or dental caries. It's a mineral loss from the crown of the tooth and so what this will do is rather than have fillings, rather than have to have an anaesthetic, rather than have to have a replacement with some sort of inanimate metal, or composite, or plastic we're trying to repair the tooth to try to make it as good as, or better than new, by putting calcium and phosphate back into the tooth.\"\u003cbr/\u003e11. Various close of dentists working on patient's tooth  \u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid top view of dentists working on patient \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of tooth being cleaned \u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide low view of dental clinic \u003cbr/\u003e15. Mid of patient \u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nigel Pitts, Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital:\u003cbr/\u003eThe problem that we have is to try to put that mineral back in and people have being trying to do this for the past fifteen, twenty years, or so. The breakthrough we have is to harness techniques that have been used elsewhere to use minute electrical currents to drive the mineral, natural mineral that was in the tooth before, back into the depths of the lesion.\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close of instruments by dentists in clinic \u003cbr/\u003e18. Close of dentists shining blue light to harden resin filling \u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of patient \u003cbr/\u003e20. Close of dentist applying layer of resin filling \u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nigel Pitts, Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital: \u003cbr/\u003e\"Despite our best efforts all the filling materials that we have are not as good as the original tooth structure. They're either metallic, or resin, or a ceramic, they have different mechanical properties they will expand at different rates to temperature, it's a very difficult environment in the mouth we have ice-cream one minute hot coffee the next minute so materials expand and contract and they also aren't resistant to the next caries attack.\" \u003cbr/\u003e22. Close of dentist applying resin filling to tooth \u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide pan left to show mid of Professor Van Thompson walking through clinic and entering cubical \u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Van Thompson, chairman, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Kings College London Dental Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well if I can say to the patient, if we use this type of procedure, I don't need to think about giving you an anaesthetic, no jabs involved.  Again we don't get you into that cycle of filling and then five, ten, fifteen, twenty years down the line needing to redo that.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close of patient having very low electricity applied to tooth to check if it is still vital \u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of readout on vitality scanner \u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of electricity being applied \u003cbr/\u003e28. Close of readout on scanner \u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nigel Pitts, Kings College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So what we're trying to do is not have the tooth weakened, we're trying to have a repair that's essentially healing the tooth and we're trying to do that in a patient friendly way without an anaesthetic, without a drill.\"\u003cbr/\u003e30. Various of patient's mask being removed \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003ePlymouth, UK - November 6, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e31. Mid of Professor Christopher Tredwin watching dentist examine child's milk teeth\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close of Tredwin\u003cbr/\u003e33. Close of child having teeth examined \u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE: (English), Christopher Tredwin, Professor of restorative dentistry, Peninsular School of Medicine, Plymouth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"By trying to remineralise you're trying to prevent the disease in the first place so anything that can encourage that, anything that can do that will give you a much better chance of stopping it occuring. The classical preventative material we have is fluoride okay, fluoridated toothpaste, for example, sometimes you put fluoride in water so if you can get the maximum dose of fluoride required then basically we can harden enamel, remineralise the enamel and actually prevent the disease.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK - November 25, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e31. Close of dentist \u003cbr/\u003e32. Close of patient's tooth being polished shot through dentist's protective glasses \u003cbr/\u003eTooth decay usually means a dreaded trip to the dentist, possibly a drilling and a filling, which is preceded by a painful injection to anaesthetise you. \u003cbr/\u003eBut imagine if all that could change.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to a team of dentists at King's College London, that might be coming sooner than we might have believed.\u003cbr/\u003eWe've become resigned to dental decay as though it were a fact of life, despite being able to prevent it.\u003cbr/\u003eThe process of drilling out the decay, cleaning the tooth and filling are not pleasant, no matter how skilled the dentist.\u003cbr/\u003eThis clinic at Guy's Hospital is part of Kings College London's Dental Institute.\u003cbr/\u003eIt trains thousands of students from around the globe to become the next generation of dentists.\u003cbr/\u003eBut by the time some of these young men and women are ready to step into their own surgeries, there may have already been a radical change in the way this most common of procedures is carried out.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the World Health Organisation (WHO), as many as 60 to 90 per cent of school children around the world have dental caries, or cavities.\u003cbr/\u003eThe decay occurs when acids in our mouths dissolve the outer layers of your teeth and it's often quite advanced by the time we start noticing hyper sensitivity, pain and discolouration. \u003cbr/\u003eThe WHO says nearly all adults have dental cavities and it concludes that by the time we reach the age of between 65 and 74, a third of the world's population will have none of their natural teeth left.\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers here believe developments in the way doctors use electric currents to deliver medicines, or chemicals through the skin, also hold the key to changing dental procedures.\u003cbr/\u003eThe process called iontophoresis has been used for several years.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Nigel Pitts and his team have already begun trying out a two-step process.\u003cbr/\u003eThe first is to chemically prepare the damaged area so that no detritus remains.\u003cbr/\u003eThen a small electric current is used to push the depleted minerals back into the tooth. \u003cbr/\u003ePitts calls the process \"Electrically Accelerated and Enhanced Remineralisation\" (EAER).\u003cbr/\u003eHe claims it accelerates the natural movement of calcium and phosphate minerals into the damaged tooth.\u003cbr/\u003ePitts says: \"This is about the most common ubiquitous disease in mankind, tooth decay or dental caries. It's a mineral loss from the crown of the tooth and so what this will do is rather than have fillings, rather than have to have an anaesthetic, rather than have to have a replacement with some sort of inanimate metal, or composite, or plastic we're trying to repair the tooth to try to make it as good as, or better than new, by putting calcium and phosphate back into the tooth.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe idea of remineralising the tooth is to help it to repair as it would do naturally. Though it's not yet clear whether advanced stages of decay could be successfully treated this way. \u003cbr/\u003ePitts says however good a filling is, it will always be a weak spot in someone's oral health, because the mouth is such a hostile environment.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"Despite our best efforts all the filling materials that we have are not as good as the original tooth structure. They're either metallic, or resin, or a ceramic, they have different mechanical properties they will expand at different rates to temperature, it's a very difficult environment in the mouth we have ice-cream one minute hot coffee the next minute so materials expand and contract and they also aren't resistant to the next caries attack.\" \u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Van Thompson is chairman of the Institute's Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics and is part of Pitts' team.\u003cbr/\u003eHe argues that mimicking a natural process of repair like remineralisation is better for the patient. \u003cbr/\u003eThompson says: \"Well if I can say to the patient, if we use this type of procedure we don't need to think about giving you an anaesthetic, no jabs involved.  Again we don't get you into that cycle of filling and then five, ten, fifteen, twenty years down the line needing to redo that.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe procedure Thompson and Pitts hope to use wouldn't be necessary if the dental enamel wasn't initially eroded by acids in the mouth.\u003cbr/\u003eThe new procedure would be a repair, but how much would it protect against future decay?\u003cbr/\u003ePitts argues that testing on human teeth using established methods - including Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) which are extremely detailed 3D scans - has enabled his team to create a device which will select the correct amount of remineralisation needed for a full repair.\u003cbr/\u003eThey also claim that the repair could be topped up, should it be required.\u003cbr/\u003eIt may even be the case that remineralisation becomes a preventative measure, although Pitts is not suggesting this.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"What we're trying to do is not have the tooth weakened, we're trying to have a repair that's essentially healing the tooth and we're trying to do that in a patient friendly way without an anaesthetic, without a drill.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAt Plymouth University's Peninsular School of Medicine, the focus is on making children aware of how to prevent decay at an early age.\u003cbr/\u003eThe University's Professor of Restorative Dentistry is Christopher Tredwin.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says: \"By trying to remineralise you're trying to prevent the disease in the first place so anything that can encourage that, anything that can do that will give you a much better chance of stopping it occuring. The classical preventative material we have is fluoride okay, fluoridated toothpaste, for example, sometimes you put fluoride in water so if you can get the maximum dose of fluoride required then basically we can harden enamel, remineralise the enamel and actually prevent the disease.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAttempts to protect teeth with fluoride toothpastes and water rely on children using proper brushing techniques and eating fewer sweets.\u003cbr/\u003eTredwin believes early education is vital and can prevent the need for the majority of dental work.\u003cbr/\u003eSo far Pitts' team has focussed on developing a device to treat people with \"very early stages of decay\" and those who have \"early and moderate stage decay\" which they say is the types found in around half a population group.\u003cbr/\u003eThey say a remedy for more severe decay - where there is an actual hole in the tooth - may come with a \"phase 2 device\".  \u003cbr/\u003ePitts' team says the procedure also whitens the 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